Dealcoholized red wine decreases atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E gene–deficient mice independently of inhibition of lipid peroxidation in the artery wall

Stocker, Roland; O'Halloran, R.A.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/79.1.123

Cited by 79 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In addition, there is evidence that in human lesions oxidized lipids associated with LDL accumulate substantially only late in disease development, after accumulation of unoxidized cholesterol and cholesterol esters (966). Furthermore, lipoprotein lipid oxidation can be dissociated from disease in animal models of atherosclerosis (899,1005,1054,1055). While these studies do not support a cornerstone of the oxidative modification hypothesis of atherosclerosis, namely, that LDL oxidation in the artery wall is an early event in the genesis of the disease and that it contributes to subsequent lipid accumulation, the data do not directly address the causal or temporal relationship between intracellular oxidative stress and disease progression.…”

Section: Ldl Oxidation Versus Atherosclerosismentioning

confidence: 91%

Role of Oxidative Modifications in Atherosclerosis

Stocker¹,

Keaney²

2004

Physiological Reviews

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2,248

1,756

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This review focuses on the role of oxidative processes in atherosclerosis and its resultant cardiovascular events. There is now a consensus that atherosclerosis represents a state of heightened oxidative stress characterized by lipid and protein oxidation in the vascular wall. The oxidative modification hypothesis of atherosclerosis predicts that low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation is an early event in atherosclerosis and that oxidized LDL contributes to atherogenesis. In support of this hypothesis, oxidized LDL can support foam cell formation in vitro, the lipid in human lesions is substantially oxidized, there is evidence for the presence of oxidized LDL in vivo, oxidized LDL has a number of potentially proatherogenic activities, and several structurally unrelated antioxidants inhibit atherosclerosis in animals. An emerging consensus also underscores the importance in vascular disease of oxidative events in addition to LDL oxidation. These include the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by vascular cells, as well as oxidative modifications contributing to important clinical manifestations of coronary artery disease such as endothelial dysfunction and plaque disruption. Despite these abundant data however, fundamental problems remain with implicating oxidative modification as a (requisite) pathophysiologically important cause for atherosclerosis. These include the poor performance of antioxidant strategies in limiting either atherosclerosis or cardiovascular events from atherosclerosis, and observations in animals that suggest dissociation between atherosclerosis and lipoprotein oxidation. Indeed, it remains to be established that oxidative events are a cause rather than an injurious response to atherogenesis. In this context, inflammation needs to be considered as a primary process of atherosclerosis, and oxidative stress as a secondary event. To address this issue, we have proposed an “oxidative response to inflammation” model as a means of reconciling the response-to-injury and oxidative modification hypotheses of atherosclerosis.

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Section: Ldl Oxidation Versus Atherosclerosismentioning

confidence: 91%

Role of Oxidative Modifications in Atherosclerosis

Stocker¹,

Keaney²

2004

Physiological Reviews

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2,248

1,756

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“…In particular, quercetin and theaflavin significantly attenuated lesion formation in ApoE Ϫ/Ϫ mice. Previous studies have shown that polyphenol-rich beverages, such as red wine, 21 dealcoholized red wine, 22 and tea, 27 can inhibit atherosclerosis in ApoE Ϫ/Ϫ mice. These beverages contain a complex mixture of polyphenolic compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22 The aorta was rinsed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) after removal from the phosphate-buffered formaldehyde (4% by volume; pH, 7.0 to 7.3) and processed as described in the Supplemental Material. For immunohistochemistry of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), paraffin-embedded thoracic aorta specimens were sectioned every 400 m, proximally from the third pair of intercostal arteries, for a total distance of 2800 m. HO-1 protein was detected with anti-rat HO-1 polyclonal rabbit antibody (SPA-895; Stressgen, Ann Arbor, Mich) (final concentration, 10 g/mL), applied for 24 hours at 4°C.…”

Section: Histological Analysis Of Mouse Aorta Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Dietary Polyphenols Attenuate Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E–Knockout Mice by Alleviating Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction

Loke

Proudfoot²,

Hodgson³

et al. 2010

ATVB

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252

189

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Objective— Animal and clinical studies have suggested that polyphenols in fruits, red wine, and tea may delay the development of atherosclerosis through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated whether individual dietary polyphenols representing different polyphenolic classes, namely quercetin (flavonol), (−)-epicatechin (flavan-3-ol), theaflavin (dimeric catechin), sesamin (lignan), or chlorogenic acid (phenolic acid), reduce atherosclerotic lesion formation in the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) −/− gene–knockout mouse. Methods and Results— Quercetin and theaflavin (64-mg/kg body mass daily) significantly attenuated atherosclerotic lesion size in the aortic sinus and thoracic aorta ( P <0.05 versus ApoE −/− control mice). Quercetin significantly reduced aortic F 2 -isoprostane, vascular superoxide, vascular leukotriene B 4 , and plasma-sP-selectin concentrations; and augmented vascular endothelial NO synthase activity, heme oxygenase-1 protein, and urinary nitrate excretion ( P <0.05 versus control ApoE −/− mice). Theaflavin showed similar, although less extensive, significant effects. Although (−)-epicatechin significantly reduced F 2 -isoprostane, superoxide, and endothelin-1 production ( P <0.05 versus control ApoE −/− mice), it had no significant effect on lesion size. Sesamin and chlorogenic acid treatments exerted no significant effects. Quercetin, but not (−)-epicatechin, significantly increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 protein in lesions versus ApoE −/− controls. Conclusion— Specific dietary polyphenols, in particular quercetin and theaflavin, may attenuate atherosclerosis in ApoE −/− gene–knockout mice by alleviating inflammation, improving NO bioavailability, and inducing heme oxygenase-1. These data suggest that the cardiovascular protection associated with diets rich in fruits, vegetables, and some beverages may in part be the result of flavonoids, such as quercetin.

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“…They have been recognized as health-promoting functional food ingredients due to their antioxidant activity (Nam et al 2006;Philpott et al 2006;Satue-Gracia et al 1997), which has been reported to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease (Stocker and O'Halloran 2004;Waterhouse 1995). Anthocyanins are also known to have anti-cancer (Hyun and Chung 2004;Kamei et al 1995;Zhao et al 2004), hypoglycemic (Tsuda et al 2003), and anti-inflammatory effects (Tsuda et al 2002) and have been used in the treatment of various circulatory disorders (Bettini et al 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of anthocyanins in black soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) varieties

Koh¹,

Youn

Kim³

2011

J Food Sci Technol

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Anthocyanin pigments in black soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) varieties as Tawonkong (TW) and Geomjeongkong-2 (G2) were identified to evaluate their potentials as nutritional function, natural colorant or functional foods. Anthocyanin extraction was conducted with acidified methanol with 0.1 M HCl (85:15, v/v). Identification of anthocyanin was conducted by comparison with purified standards by HPLC and mass spectrometry (MS). G2 showed six different types of pigments by HPLC, whereas TW showed seven pigments. Three major anthocyanins (peaks 1, 3, 4) were detected in both varieties and peak 1 was characterized as delphinidin-3-O-β-D-glucoside, peak 3 as cyanidin-3-O-β-D-glucoside (C3G), and peak 4 as petunidin-3-O-β-D-glucoside by comparison of chromatographic properties with authentic standards and MS. Minor peaks 5, 6 and 7 in TW were tentatively identified as pelargonidin-3-Oglucoside, pelargonidin-3-O-(6″-malonylglucoside) and cyanidin on the basis of MS. MS with major ions at 287 and 449 of peak 2 were exactly same as those of peak 3 meaning that peak 2 has cyanidin and other hexose different from glucose. After acid hydrolysis of fractioned peak 2, HPLC showed the hexose as galactose, and peak 2 was identified as C3Glactose.The most abundant anthocyanin in black soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) was C3G and G2 showed the higher amount of total anthocyanins than TW (p<0.001).

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Dealcoholized red wine decreases atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E gene–deficient mice independently of inhibition of lipid peroxidation in the artery wall

Abstract: DRW contains polyphenolic compounds capable of synergizing with vitamin E, and long-term moderate consumption of DRW can decrease atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E gene-deficient mice.

Cited by 79 publications

References 52 publications

Role of Oxidative Modifications in Atherosclerosis

Role of Oxidative Modifications in Atherosclerosis

Specific Dietary Polyphenols Attenuate Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E–Knockout Mice by Alleviating Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction

Identification of anthocyanins in black soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) varieties

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