Deaf Children's Use of Beliefs and Desires in Negotiation

Abstract

Although several studies have shown that deaf children demonstrated impaired performances on false-belief tasks, the children's belief understanding appeared intact when asked to explain emotions or behavior. However, this finding does not necessarily indicate a full-fledged theory of mind. This study aimed to investigate deaf children's negotiation strategies in false-belief situations, because situations that require negotiation provide a natural context with a clear motivational aspect, which might appeal more strongly to deaf children's false-belief reasoning capacities. The purpose of this study was to compare the reactions of 11-to 12-year-old deaf and hearing children to scenarios in which a mother, who is unaware of a change in the situation, threatens to block the fulfillment of the child's desire. The results showed that deaf children more often failed to correct the mother's false beliefs. In contrast with hearing children, who frequently left their own desires implicit, deaf children kept stressing their desires as a primary argument, even though the mother could be expected to be fully aware of these desires. Moral claims were used to the same extent by both groups. In general, deaf children more often used arguments that did not provide new information for their conversation partners, including repetitions of the same argument. The results were interpreted in terms of the special needs that are required by the hampered communication between deaf and hearing people as well as in terms of the ongoing discussion regarding theory-of-mind development in deaf children.

Translation into British Sign Language and validation of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire

“…67 This has been shown to be significantly delayed in deaf children from hearing families, 60,68-71 but not usually delayed in fluent signers in deaf families. 70,72,73 This is the case even when attempts are made to test it in their first language and in culturally sensitive ways 68,[74][75][76][77][78] or if the child has a cochlear implant. 79,80 This is important because it maps on to empathy skills, which in turn affect social and emotional development and potential emotional or psychological problems in the future.…”

Social Maturity and Executive Function Among Deaf Learners

“…Borgna et al (2011) suggested this as an example of the "unskilled and unaware effect" (Kruger & Dunning, 1999), wherein having lesser ability in a domain leaves one less able to recognize that fact. Indeed, a central aspect of social maturity is the ability to appreciate social situations from the points of view of others, a domain in which deaf children and adolescents have been found to have difficulty (e.g., Peterson, Slaughter, Moore, & Wellman, 2016;Punch & Hyde, 2011;Rhys-Jones & Ellis, 2000;Rieffe, Netten, & Broekhof, 2015;Terwogt & Rieffe, 2004). Caldarella and Merrell (1997) found self-management, including social maturity, self-control/social convention, and respect for social rules to be one of the most common dimensions to emerge from meta-analyses of studies examining social skills of (hearing) children and adolescents (see Doren et al, 2012).…”

Kekuasaan dalam Relasi Bahasa: Refleksi Pengalaman Penutur Bahasa Isyarat di Yogyakarta

“…(1) masih dominannya paradigma medis dalam melihat realitas Tuli, dan dominasi itu yang kemudian melahirkan upaya-upaya teknologi sebagai respons ilmu pengetahuan modern atas ke-Tuli-an; (2) hubungan kekuasaan antara dominasi medis-teknologis dengan kebutuhan untuk menciptakan pasar baru bagi bisnis teknologi menjadikan industri alat bantu dengar sebagai potensi besar proyek 'penyembuhan massal' ke-Tuli-an. Dua hal inilah yang diakui oleh para peneliti sebelumnya (Bosma, 1985;Davenport dkk., 2019;Kunnen, 2014;Lane, 2005;McIlroy & Storbeck, 2011;Ohna, 2003;Terwogt & Rieffe, 2004;Toe & Paatsch, 2018) sebagai pintu masuknya ketergantungan baru bagi komunitas Tuli yaitu ketergantungannya pada suara. Ketidakberdayaan Asla menerima kedatangan alat bantu dengar dalam masa kecilnya adalah salah satu wujud beroperasinya wacana dominan yang diproduksi oleh pengetahuan modern dalam konteks ini ilmu pengetahuan medis dan teknologi tentang ke-Tuli-an.…”