2018
DOI: 10.9734/jgeesi/2018/40245
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Deadly Ultraviolet UV-C and UV-B Penetration to Earth’s Surface: Human and Environmental Health Implications

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Cited by 37 publications
(29 citation statements)
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“…Particulate pollution, systematically emplaced in the troposphere, traps heat that should otherwise be removed from the surface by atmospheric convection [19][20][21][22]. It also alters natural weather patterns and causes climate chaos [49], including droughts and deluges [49,50], poisons the environment [48], damages the ozone layer that protects us from the solar ultraviolet radiation [56], and is toxic to virtually all biota [57][58][59], including humans [47,[60][61][62].…”
Section: Danger To Earth's Self-regulation and Biota Survivalmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Particulate pollution, systematically emplaced in the troposphere, traps heat that should otherwise be removed from the surface by atmospheric convection [19][20][21][22]. It also alters natural weather patterns and causes climate chaos [49], including droughts and deluges [49,50], poisons the environment [48], damages the ozone layer that protects us from the solar ultraviolet radiation [56], and is toxic to virtually all biota [57][58][59], including humans [47,[60][61][62].…”
Section: Danger To Earth's Self-regulation and Biota Survivalmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The major anthropogenic GHGs from vessel operations, such as propulsion and the refrigeration of ship and container cargo, air-conditioned living quarters and occupied areas and refrigerated domestic food storage compartments, include nitrous oxide (N 2 O), methane (CH 4 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and certain manufactured gases such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halocarbons, and their various substitutes. Such emissions potentially lead to decreased air and water quality (through atmospheric deposition potentially resulting in acidification, eutrophication), negative impacts to aquatic species through increased UVB radiation due to ozone layer depletion, and climate alteration [145][146][147]. Estimates regarding the shipping share of total air emissions to global anthropogenic emissions of CO 2 , SO X , NO X are; 3% [148], 4.5-13% [148,149], and 15% [148], respectively.…”
Section: Gas Emissionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Geoengineering is an activity that poisons the planet with mercury [20], damages the ozone layer that shields life from harmful solar ultraviolet radiation [54][55][56][57] [63], just as are bird [64] and insect [65] populations. Data now indicate that over ⅓ of bat species are threatened, with populations of an additional ½ either unknown or declining, indicating that at least 80% of bat species now require attention and conservation efforts [63].…”
Section: Consistent With the Gaia Theory Of Lovelock Andmentioning
confidence: 99%