Deactivation of ASC whetlerite charcoal upon adsorption of cyanogen chloride

Biron, Ehud; Stavisky, Rivka

doi:10.1016/0008-6223(95)00089-v

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Cyanogen chloride was the test substance. Other authors [7] commonly use this adsorbate because of its ability to test the chemical activity of deposited catalysts, that is, its ability to decompose an air pollutant in a chemical reaction. Moreover, ClCN is representative of other weakly physically adsorbing substances such as HCN, COCl 2 , AsH 3 and PH 3 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-carcinogenic carbon sorbents for respiratory protection

Szmigielski

Ziętek

Świątkowski

et al. 2009

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-carcinogenic carbon sorbents for respiratory protection

Szmigielski

Ziętek

Świątkowski

et al. 2009

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…Cyanogen chloride falls into the class of small toxic chemicals that are difficult to remove from air, and a variety of studies have examined the adsorption and reaction of cyanogen chloride on carbons and metal oxides. − Traditional activated carbons have limited adsorption capacity for cyanogen chloride. As a result, transition-metal impregnants such as Cu, Zn, and Cr, as well as bases such as 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, pyridines, and ethylendiamine, are impregnated on carbon to alter its chemistry and improve its adsorption capacity …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemisorption of Cyanogen Chloride by Spinel Ferrite Magnetic Nanoparticles

et al. 2013

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Spinel ferrite magnetic nanoparticles, MnFe2O4, NiFe2O4, and CoFe2O4, were synthesized and used as gas-phase adsorbents for the removal of cyanogen chloride from dry air. Fixed-bed adsorption breakthrough experiments show adsorption wave behavior at the leading edge of the breakthrough curve that is not typical of physically adsorbed species. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicate that CK is reacting with the spinel ferrite surface and forming a carbamate species. The reaction is shown to be a function of the hydroxyl groups and adsorbed water on the surface of the particles as well as the metallic composition of the particles. The surface reaction decreases the remnant and saturation magnetism of the MnFe2O4 and CoFe2O4 particles by approximately 25%.

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“…The underlying mechanisms afforded by these impregnants to reactively neutralize CK in air streams are not well-understood. Maggs and Smith have shown that TEDA is more effective than pyridine (an early amine impregnant) at providing enhanced protection against CK. Therefore, at least for TEDA, the superior nature of this impregnant toward CK is well-known, its efficacy exceeding that of other amines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Impregnated activated carbons for military applications of air purification have been used for decades. − Impregnants, such as Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Ag + , Mo 6+ , and Cr 6+ , along with amines, such as 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (triethylenediamine, TEDA, or DABCO), pyridines, ethylenediamine, etc., have been used to greatly extend the life of carbon-based filtration media for light, toxic gases, such as hydrogen cyanide, phosgene, and cyanogen chloride (CK).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of TEDA as an Activated Carbon Impregnant for the Removal of Cyanogen Chloride from Air Streams: Synergistic Effect with Cu(II)

Mahle¹,

Peterson²,

Schindler³

et al. 2010

J. Phys. Chem. C

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The hydrolysis and fate of cyanogen chloride (CK) in the presence of triethylenediamine (TEDA)a widely used carbon impregnantin aqueous and nonaqueous (acetonitrile) media has been determined. In the presence of water, anticipated TEDA substitution is not observed; rather, simple base-catalyzed (OH−) hydrolysis to cyanic acid (HOCN; unstable in water, decomposing to CO2 and NH3) is the major reaction, accompanied by a series of complex side reactions (not involving TEDA) to form several persistent compounds. Thus, the role of TEDA, in the presence of water, is primarily a source of OH−. CK substitution at TEDA is observed in acetonitrile, again forming several complex, but quite different, species. Studies examining the removal of CK from humidified air streams by carbon impregnated with TEDA and/or basic Cu2+ (another common carbon impregnant) are consistent with simple hydrolysis being the major CK-removal mechanism; no TEDA substitution is observed in the presence of humidity/water. Considering the reaction stoichiometry apparent at CK breakthrough for the impregnated carbons, the combination of TEDA and Cu2+ is much more effective than the individual impregnants themselves. This synergism is attributed to dissolution of basic Cu2+ by TEDA to form soluble complexes of the type [Cu(TEDA)2(OH)(H2O)]− in the carbon-adsorbed water layer, thus greatly increasing the dispersion and effectiveness of the basic Cu2+ impregnant.

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Deactivation of ASC whetlerite charcoal upon adsorption of cyanogen chloride

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Non-carcinogenic carbon sorbents for respiratory protection

Non-carcinogenic carbon sorbents for respiratory protection

Chemisorption of Cyanogen Chloride by Spinel Ferrite Magnetic Nanoparticles

Role of TEDA as an Activated Carbon Impregnant for the Removal of Cyanogen Chloride from Air Streams: Synergistic Effect with Cu(II)

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