Deactivation and regeneration of Pt‐modified zeolite Beta–Bindzil extrudates in n‐hexane hydroisomerization

Abstract

BACKGROUND The metal–acid bifunctional catalysts are widely used in many industrially significant chemical processes, including hydroisomerization of n‐hexane. Deactivation and regeneration of metal–acid bifunctional extrudates was investigated in continuous n‐hexane hydroisomerization in a fixed‐bed reactor. Four Pt/H‐Beta‐25 catalysts containing 30% Bindzil binder were prepared with the same composition and controlled metal deposition. RESULTS Different preparation steps led to differences in the mechanical strength, Pt particle size, acidity and strength, metal‐to‐acid site (cPt/cAS) ratio and proximity between two types of active sites. A very slow deactivation and high selectivity to C6 isomers was obtained when Pt was deposited on H‐Beta‐25 zeolite. CONCLUSION Initial selectivity to the desired products was correlated with the physicochemical properties of the catalysts. Location of the metal has a larger influence on catalyst deactivation of the bifunctional catalysts rather than the metal‐to‐acid site ratio or site proximity. Decline of n‐hexane conversion and selectivity to C6 isomers were correlated with changes in the textural properties and acidity of the deactivated catalyst, respectively. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Diffusion measurements of hydrocarbons in H-MCM-41 extrudates with pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

“…These operations resulted in a partial blockage of the micropore mouths, lower micropore volumes and grain boundary interactions between H-MCM-41 and the Bindzil binder. This is in line with the literature 7,20–22,27–33 and SEM analysis (Fig. 3).…”

Hydrodeoxygenation of isoeugenol in continuous mode using bifunctional Pt-Beta 25-binder catalysts for renewable jet fuel production

“…The catalyst with lowest mechanical strength was Pt/EB (2.9 MPa for vertical and 0.7 MPa for horizontal position), which as discussed in the previous work, could be caused by a larger intracrystalline void space between the particles. 21 The mechanical strength obtained for Pt/E is within the range for similar types of catalysts reported in the literature; TS-1 zeolite and sepiolite extrudates displayed horizontal and vertical strengths of 1.78 and 2.44 MPa, respectively. 30 Beta-25 and bentonite extrudates showed slightly higher mechanical strengths, within 3.8-7.8 MPa.…”

“…The general preparation procedure has been thoroughly described in the previous publications. 21,22,24,25 First, the zeolite NH 4 -Beta-25 was transformed into its proton form, H-Beta-25, by two-step calcination in air, heating rst at 250 °C for 50 min followed by 400 °C for 4 h, using a heating ramp of 4 °C min −1 for both steps. Deposition of platinum was done using the evaporation-impregnation method with [Pt(NH 3 ) 4 ](NO 3 ) 2 as a precursor, considering a nominal metal loading of 2 wt% for all catalysts.…”

Citral-to-Menthol Transformations in a Continuous Reactor over Ni/Mesoporous Aluminosilicate Extrudates Containing a Sepiolite Clay Binder

“…Pure sepiolite extrudates exhibited mechanical strengths of 56 ± 6 and 35 ± 4 bar in vertical and horizontal positions, respectively . For Pt/H-β-25 extrudates containing SiO 2 Bindzil binder or Bentonite binder, the mechanical strengths were 29–45 and 32–48 bar in the vertical position. , …”

“…33 For Pt/H-β-25 extrudates containing SiO 2 Bindzil binder or Bentonite binder, the mechanical strengths were 29−45 and 32−48 bar in the vertical position. 30,34 Activity and Selectivity of the Powder Ni Catalyst in the Batch Experiment. The catalytic results from a batch experiment with 5 wt % Ni/MAS powder catalyst are displayed in Figure 5a−c.…”