De qui les variétés traditionnelles de plantes cultivées pourraient-elles être le patrimoine ? Réflexions depuis le bassin du lac Tchad

Garine, Éric; Luxereau, Anne; Wencélius, Jean; Violon, Chloé; Robert, Thierry; Barnaud, Adéline; Caillon, Sophie; Raimond, Christine

doi:10.4000/books.irdeditions.8863

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It is also the crop presenting the highest infraspecific diversity. In Nuldayna, > 20 different landraces were inventoried (Garine et al 2013). Although farmers often produce their own seeds from year to year, frequent food shortages or climatic incidents (e.g., short drought after sowing) lead to regular seed loss.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interhousehold variability and its effects on seed circulation networks: a case study from northern Cameroon

Wencélius¹,

Thomas²,

Barbillon³

et al. 2016

E&S

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ABSTRACT. We present a detailed ethnographic case study of sorghum seed acquisitions in a smallholder farming society in northern Cameroon. The effects of variability in household demographics and socioeconomic status on observed patterns of seed provisioning are explored alongside other variables such as age and gender. Our data set comprised 223 seed acquisition events. Independence tests (Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact tests) were carried out to test for significant dependencies between individual-or householdlevel characteristics and properties of seed acquisition events (categories of seed source, social relationship of exchange, and type of landrace). Results indicate that wealth is a structuring factor of the local seed circulation network in as much as it is highly correlated with household composition and size. Members from wealthy households benefit from a more diverse set of seed sources. Their greater number of coresidents and the importance of intrahousehold dynamics of seed transactions also play a role in making wealthy farmers more seed secure than others. The methodological implications of our findings indicate that when documenting seed exchange networks, the collection of data through a single informant or the undertaking of social network analyses at the household level may induce important biases.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interhousehold variability and its effects on seed circulation networks: a case study from northern Cameroon

Wencélius¹,

Thomas²,

Barbillon³

et al. 2016

E&S

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“…The last zone corresponds to floodprone areas, which are much appreciated for off-season crops. These lands, recently cleared, are mostly devoted to a high diversity of cultivars of transplanted sorghum (Garine et al 2013), which provide supplementary cereal grain production during the dry season (Raimond 1999, Seignobos 2000. Consequently, selling and renting of these plots are increasingly frequent.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first one consists of the home plots surrounding the dwellings where rain-fed red sorghum, the major staple, is grown. Red sorghum includes a large diversity of cultivars (nearly 30) and has a high culinary and social value (Garine et al 2013). Farmers dedicate most of their energy and their best plots to this cereal.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Good year, bad year: changing strategies, changing networks? A two-year study on seed acquisition in northern Cameroon

Violon¹,

Thomas²,

Garine³

2016

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ABSTRACT. Analysis of seed exchange networks at a single point in time may reify sporadic relations into apparently fixed and longlasting ones. In northern Cameroon, where environment is not only strongly seasonal but also shows unpredictable interannual variation, farmers' social networks are flexible from year to year. When adjusting their strategies, Tupuri farmers do not systematically solicit the same partners to acquire the desired propagules. Seed acquisitions documented during a single cropping season may thus not accurately reflect the underlying larger social network that can be mobilized at the local level. To test this hypothesis, we documented, at the outset of two cropping seasons (2010 and 2011), the relationships through which seeds were acquired by the members of 16 households in a Tupuri community. In 2011, farmers faced sudden failure of the rains and had to solicit distant relatives, highlighting their ability to quickly trigger specific social relations to acquire necessary seeding material. Observing the same set of individuals during two successive years and the seed sources they solicited in each year enabled us to discriminate repeated relations from sporadic ones. Although farmers did not acquire seeds from the same individuals from one year to the next, they relied on quite similar relational categories of people. However, the worse weather conditions during the second year led to (1) a shift from red sorghum seeds to pearl millet seeds, (2) a geographical extension of the network, and (3) an increased participation of women in seed acquisitions. In critical situations, women mobilized their own kin almost exclusively. We suggest that studying the seed acquisition network over a single year provides a misrepresentation of the underlying social network. Depending on the difficulties farmers face, they may occasionally call on relationships that transcend the local relationships used each year.

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“…2 -L'évolution de la production agricole et de sa diversité L'un des résultats étonnants de l'inventaire Plantadiv mené entre 2009 et 2010 dans 60 villages au Niger, au Cameroun et au Tchad est qu'on retrouve, sur la base des espèces et variétés en présence/absence, la même répartition spatiale que celle qui est décrite au début du XX e siècle par les administrateurs coloniaux : les agrosystèmes les plus diversifiés se trouvent globalement en zones soudano-sahélienne et soudanienne, avec partout une prédominance céréalière à laquelle s'ajoutent les tubercules dans les zones méridionales (Garine et al, 2013). Selon cette classification, ni la culture cotonnière qui a profondément marqué l'agriculture dans le Nord-Cameroun et le Sud-Tchad, ni la péjoration climatique de la deuxième moitié du XX e siècle, ni les politiques semencières n'ont eu de conséquences radicales sur la diversité des cortèges de plantes cultivées localement par les agriculteurs, encore bien déterminés par leurs localisations géographique et culturelle (Raimond et al, 2014).…”

Section: -Aires D'approvisionnement Des Villes De N'djaména Et Garouaunclassified

“…Le programme Corus/ AIRD (2007AIRD ( -2010 (2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012) dans le cadre duquel a été réalisé un inventaire de l'agrobiodiversité dans le bassin tchadien, montre que la diversité des plantes cultivées, en présence/absence, a été conservée au cours du XX e siècle malgré des changements majeurs au niveau des environnements climatique, social, économique et politique (Garine et al, 2013). Nous proposons ici de confronter ces résultats pour le Tchad (Medina, 2009 ;Homgué, 2009 ;Goudoum, 2011) et d'élargir la comparaison à une autre ville secondaire du Nord-Cameroun, Garoua, où des recherches sont en cours sur la consommation urbaine , d'une part, et l'agro-biodiversité (Paquez, 2012 ;Bouba, 2010, thèse en cours), d'autre part.…”

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Les influences de l’urbanisation sur la répartition régionale des plantes cultivées au Tchad et au Nord-Cameroun

Bouba

Ngaressem

Mattes

et al. 2014

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De qui les variétés traditionnelles de plantes cultivées pourraient-elles être le patrimoine ? Réflexions depuis le bassin du lac Tchad

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Interhousehold variability and its effects on seed circulation networks: a case study from northern Cameroon

Interhousehold variability and its effects on seed circulation networks: a case study from northern Cameroon

Good year, bad year: changing strategies, changing networks? A two-year study on seed acquisition in northern Cameroon

Les influences de l’urbanisation sur la répartition régionale des plantes cultivées au Tchad et au Nord-Cameroun

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