De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scales--6-items; Bahasa Malay Version

A systematic review evaluating loneliness assessment instruments in older adults

“…Some outcomes of the different analyzed studies are contradictory, i.e., in some of the studies there are no sex-related differences regarding the effects of unsought loneliness (Leung et al, 2008;Neto, 2014;Pedroso-Chaparro et al, 2021;Rodríguez-Blázquez et al, 2021), while other studies report differences (De Jong Gierveld and Van Tilburg, 2010;Jaafar et al, 2020). Similar observations are seen for age: some studies find no association (Leung et al, 2008;Uysal-Bozkir et al, 2017;Pedroso-Chaparro et al, 2021;Rodríguez-Blázquez et al, 2021) and other do, specifying that the older the individual the greater the perceived feeling of loneliness (De Jong Gierveld and Van Tilburg, 2010;Neto, 2014).…”

“…Fourteen validations of some of the versions of the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (DJGLS; De Jong-Gierveld and Kamphuls, 1985) were carried out; specifically, eight validations of the 6-item DJGLS (Leung et al, 2008;De Jong Gierveld and Van Tilburg, 2010;Ayala et al, 2012;Iecovich, 2013;Cheung et al, 2020;Hosseinabadi et al, 2020;Jaafar et al, 2020;Rodríguez-Blázquez et al, 2021) and six validations of the 11-item DJGLS (Buz and Pérez-Arechaederra, 2014;Penning et al, 2014;Tomás et al, 2017;Uysal-Bozkir et al, 2017;Caycho-Rodríguez et al, 2021;Hosseinabadi et al, 2021). In the study by De Jong Gierveld and Van Tilburg (2010), the validated emotional DJGLS-3 and social DJGLS-3 scales are equivalent to the DJGLS-6 scale.…”

“…The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was reported in the studies by Leung et al (2008), Neto (2014), and Hosseinabadi et al (2020 and test-retest reliability measures in the work by Jaafar et al (2020).…”

“…The construct validity was reported in all the studies except in one (Jaafar et al, 2020). The dimensionality of the instruments using factor analysis was analyzed in 21 studies (Russell, 1996;De Jong Gierveld and Van Tilburg, 2010;Durak and Senol-Durak, 2010;Ayala et al, 2012;Iecovich, 2013;Neto, 2014;Penning et al, 2014;Velarde-Mayol et al, 2016;Lee and Cagle, 2017;Tomás et al, 2017;Uysal-Bozkir et al, 2017;Ausín et al, 2019;Faustino et al, 2019;Cheung et al, 2020;Hosseinabadi et al, 2020Hosseinabadi et al, , 2021Caycho-Rodríguez et al, 2021;González-Tovar and Garza-Sánchez, 2021;Lee et al, 2021;Pedroso-Chaparro et al, 2021;Rodríguez-Blázquez et al, 2021); the Delphi method in one study (Leung et al, 2008); principal component analysis without rotation in 1 study (Buz and Pérez-Arechaederra, 2014); principal component analysis with oblique rotation in 1 study (Honigh-de Vlaming et al, 2014); the Rasch model in 1 study (Park et al, 2019); and exploratory structural equation modeling in 1 study (Sancho et al, 2020).…”

“…The convergent validity was examined in 12 studies (Russell, 1996;Durak and Senol-Durak, 2010;Iecovich, 2013;Buz and Pérez-Arechaederra, 2014;Neto, 2014;Tomás et al, 2017;Faustino et al, 2019;Jaafar et al, 2020;Sancho et al, 2020;Caycho-Rodríguez et al, 2021;Pedroso-Chaparro et al, 2021;Rodríguez-Blázquez et al, 2021), content validity in 3 studies (Leung et al, 2008;Hosseinabadi et al, 2020Hosseinabadi et al, , 2021, and discriminant validity was reported in 1 study (Velarde-Mayol et al, 2016).…”