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Arko, A. J.; Lowndes, D. H.; Muller, F.; Roeland, L.W.; Wolfrat, Jules; Kessel, Amit; Myron, H.W.; Mueller, F. M.; Webb, G.W.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.40.1590

Cited by 61 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…This result does conform that the cubic to tetragonal transformation occurs only for Sn higher than 24.5%Sn [7] [8] [13]. In fact the literature finding that tetragonal Nb 3 Sn shows a significant depression of µ 0 H c2 (T) comes from a sister crystal without chemical characterization [15].…”

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confidence: 58%

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Evidence that the upper critical field of Nb3Sn is independent of whether it is cubic or tetragonal

Zhou

Sung

et al. 2011

Applied Physics Letters

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Abstract:Although 2011 marks the 50th anniversary of Nb 3 Sn as the first high field superconductor, real understanding of its upper critical field behavior µ 0 H c2 is incomplete. Here we show surprising µ 0 H c2 data on highly homogeneous bulk samples examined both by small-current, transport and by volumetric-averaging specific heat and the reversible magnetization techniques, which exhibit identical upper critical field µ 0 H c2 (0.3 K) ~ 29± 0.2 T with or without undergoing the cubic to tetragonal transition, a result in strong contrast to widely used multiple-source data compilations that show a strong depression of µ 0 H c2 (0K) from 29 T to 21.4 T in the tetragonal state.Nb 3 Sn is the most widely used superconductor for generating fields above ~10 T because it is easily and economically fabricated in round-wire, multifilament forms that lend themselves both to laboratory magnets and to the cabled, high-current conductors needed for accelerator and fusion uses. More than 600 tons of Nb 3 Sn will be used in the International Tokomak Experimental Reactor (ITER). This wide and long-standing use [1] makes it all the more surprising that there is no agreed data set that shows the variation of the upper critical field µ 0 H c2 across the variable composition of the A15 phase of Nb 3 Sn. Rather homogeneous bulk Nb 3 Sn was made by Devantay et al. [7] by heating samples into the melt phase and by Goldacker et al. [8] in a Hot Isostatic Press (HIP) at 1100 ºC. To further reduce inhomogeneity, we used a HIP capable of reaching up to 2200 °C. Here we report on bulk Nb 3 Sn with nominally stoichiometric 25at% Sn and Sn-rich 27at% Sn so as to ensure the most Sn-rich composition of the A15 phase. About 45 g samples were synthesized by combining Nb (-325 mesh, 99.8%, Alfa Aesar) and Sn (-325 mesh, 99.8%, Alfa Aesar) powders in a high energy ball mill. Mixing and powder packing was performed in a dedicated glove box filled with Ar gas to minimize oxidation. After 60 minutes of ball milling, the mixed powders were pressed in a Cold Isostatic Press (CIP) to form a hard pellet, then wrapped in Ta foil and put into a steel tube with one closed end. This HIP tube was then evacuated and the open end sealed by welding. The sealed can was pressurized at 2 kbar during both a pre-anneal at 650 °C for 16 hr and during the main A15 phase reaction at 1200 °C for 72 or 160 hr.The central reacted A15 part of each of the cans was cut into 2 pieces using a precision diamond saw, one piece being then re-sealed in an evacuated Ta-lined Nb tube for a 2 nd HIP homogenization and reaction-continuation anneal at 1400 °C, 1600 °C or 1800 °C for 24 hr. One piece of the 27 at% Sn 3 sample annealed at 1800 o C was further annealed in a Ta-lined Nb tube for 30 days at 1200 °C. In this report we describe samples by their nominal or overall atomic %Sn content, followed by the final heat treatment and time (if not specified, 24 hr). For example, 25Sn_1800 means the sample finally annealed at 1800 °C for 24 hr after pre-annealing at 650 °C for 16 hr ...

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confidence: 58%

“…Orlando et al [15] noticed a crossover in on going from a "clean" film with ρ = 8.8 μΩ−cm (RRR~9.5) to a rather "dirty" sample with ρ = 36 μΩ−cm), μ 0 H c2 (0) rising from ~26.5 to 29 T. Table I similarly divides our samples into a "cleaner" group with resistivities around ρ~10 μΩ−cm and "dirtier" samples with ρ>20 μΩ−cm. [16].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence that the upper critical field of Nb3Sn is independent of whether it is cubic or tetragonal

Zhou

Sung

et al. 2011

Applied Physics Letters

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“…In a similar fashion, a resistivity analysis was performed by Arko et al [70], which indicated that it occurs at 51 K. An XRD analysis by Watanabe et al [132] indicated that it occurs at 38 K. In a neutron scattering analysis by Axe et al [159] 45 K was found. The effect of strain on the normal state resistivity was investigated by Mentink et al [49], which indicated the transformation to occur at 42±5 K.…”

Section: Literature On the Martensitic Transformationmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In the inset in figure 4.18, the dirty limit approximation of h * c2,dirty is compared to the variable limit h * c2 . [70], and Naus et al [69].…”

Section: X(z)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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An experimental and computational study of srain sensitivity in superconducting Nb3Sn

Mentink

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This work is the result of efforts by many people, both in a professional and a personal sense. During my time in Berkeley I had the opportunity to work with friendly and supportive people who were pushing back scientific boundaries, regarding the limits of superconducting high field technology. It is an odd but good experience to read papers from various authors detailing one scientific breakthrough or another, and then to meet them in person. Being a multi-cultural hub, Berkeley also allowed me to meet and become friends with people from all corners of this planet.Along the way, people have been instrumental in making this research happen. At LBNL, Jonathan Slack, Reuben Mendelsberg, and Andre Anders allowed me to use their lab for a rather extended period of time thus allowing for the fabrication of thin films, and have helped in various other ways along the years. The people at Ohio State University have helped by repeatedly performing heat capacity measurements on Nb 3 Sn bulk samples which were kindly supplied by Wilfried Goldacker of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. In particular I would like to thank Mike Susner of the Ohio State University, who came to the lab in the weekends just to make sure my samples would get measured. John Bonevich of the National Institute of Science and Technology was kind enough to perform characterization work on some of the Nb-Sn thin films we made, which included the STEM image on the cover. A lot of the experimental work was made possible with software and hardware designed at the University of Twente (such as VI by Bennie ten Haken), and I have gotten useful recommendations and assistance along the way, such as the advice on thin film fabrication from Frank Roesthuis. Professors Marcel ter Brake, Herman ten Kate, David Larbalestier, and Frances Hellman were kind enough to write letters of recommendation which contributed to getting the CSC student fellowship award. Vladimir Kresin of LBNL was kind enough to answer various questions related to the microscopic properties of Nb 3 Sn and comment on the description of microscopic theory in this thesis.Shane Cybart and Stephen Wu have assisted Edwin Dollekamp and myself in attempting to do some very fancy experiments. Edwin, from the University of Twente, took on a complicated research topic and I was impressed with how far he managed to get in that work, and Shane and Stephen invested time in the evenings and weekends to make it happen. Professor Orlandos previous investigations of Nb 3 Sn were an inspiration for some of the work described in this thesis, and he was kind enough to answer questions by email and over the phone. Derek Stewart of the Cornell NanoScale Science and Technology Facility helped me to get familiar with density functional theory calculations and computing clusters and made the suggestion of using Quantum Espresso ab-initio software. Robert Ryne and Steve Gourlay of LBNL helped me getting access to sizeable supercomputing resources at NERSC which were needed for this research.My friends and family st...

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Brief Introduction to Fabricating Technologies of Practical Superconducting Materials

Wang

2013

Fundamental Elements of Applied Superconductivity in Electrical Engineering

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de Haas-van Alphen Effect in the High-TcA15Superconductors

Cited by 61 publications

References 8 publications

Evidence that the upper critical field of Nb3Sn is independent of whether it is cubic or tetragonal

Evidence that the upper critical field of Nb3Sn is independent of whether it is cubic or tetragonal

An experimental and computational study of srain sensitivity in superconducting Nb3Sn

Brief Introduction to Fabricating Technologies of Practical Superconducting Materials

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