De-development in Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia

Yadirgi, Veli

doi:10.4324/9781315627427-12

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…URL: https://www.rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/ 30052023 (accessed 5 Aug 2023). 24 Krasna J. Autonomy Curbed… 25 Белокурова П. Ф. Новый бюджет Ирака: как он повлияет на судьбу нефти из Иракского Курдистана.…”

Section: курдские политики в иракском курдистанеunclassified

The Kurdish Problem in the Modern Politics of Iraq, Syria and Turkey: a Comprehensive Analysis

Vedeneev

2023

Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic Sciences

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Currently, the Middle East is undergoing significant changes, often due to a mixture of global and regional factors. The study is devoted to the current policies in the Middle East, in the ethnogeographic area of Kurdistan. The study researches numerous parties (political entities) of the Kurds of Iraq, Syria and Turkey, considers the events that took place in Kurdistan in 2022 and 2023. The central government of Iraq receives new levers of pressure on the leadership of the Kurdish Autonomy. At the same time, the Turkish leadership refuses to resume oil exports. Although the government of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan pursues its own goals, in this case the actions of Ankara and Baghdad coincide. Relations between the Kurdish Democratic Party and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan remain tense on a number of issues. During the adoption of the budget law, the latter actually opposed the idea of Kurdish autonomy in Iraq. In Syria, the autonomy of the Kurds (Rojava) will exist as long as the United States maintains its presence. The Syrian government is promoting the withdrawal of Turkish troops from Syria as a precondition for restoring relations with Ankara. Turkey refuses, because the Syrian Democratic Forces are not controlled by the Damascus. Thus, the Syrian Kurds are the stumbling block of the post-war settlement in Syria. In Turkey, there is a split between the opposition and pro-government Kurds. The opposition is divided into legal and illegal. Because the government of R. T. Erdoğan won a landslide victory in the presidential elections, there is no reason to believe that a softer course will be adopted against the Turkish Kurds.

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Section: курдские политики в иракском курдистанеunclassified

The Kurdish Problem in the Modern Politics of Iraq, Syria and Turkey: a Comprehensive Analysis

Vedeneev

2023

Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic Sciences

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“…When DP came to power with a similar policy agenda in 1950, it would take the rural development plan to its logical conclusion. While CHP had used land reform as “an instrument to target Kurdish landlords and co-opt peasants” (Gambetti and Jogerden, 2011: 377), DP’s agricultural developmentalism reversed this process, using the new programs to coopt the land-owning Kurdish class into the Turkish ruling coalition (Yadırgı, 2018). The Green Revolution’s efforts to produce market-oriented farmers through extension programs, irrigation, and other state-supported agricultural infrastructures had their roots in these earlier projects.…”

Section: A Nation That Feedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27 As with the Marshall Plan-supported mechanical revolution, the Kurdish elite adopted the new technologies to continue their exploitation of the peasantry. Their participation in these structures of commercialized agricultural production furthered their integration into the Turkish ruling class (Beşikçi, 1992; Yadırgı, 2018: 147).…”

Section: This Is Wheat Country!mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organized in response to the pauperization and proletarianization that resulted from Green Revolution technologies (Sefer, 2013), these protests were brutally suppressed by the gendarmerie and various emergency laws declared by the military regimes that staged coups in 1971 and 1980. These harsh suppression measures resulted from the alliance between Kurdish and Turkish elites to preserve the political and economic order (Yadırgı, 2018: 150).…”

Section: This Is Wheat Country!mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the Second World War, Turkey positioned itself as a staunch ally of the United States, becoming a recipient of Marshall Plan funds and other developmental assistance from the US Agency for International Development (USAID). A new set of right-wing governments, led by the Democrat Party in the 1950s and the Justice Party in the 1960s and ’70s, adopted agriculture-led developmentalist strategies that reversed the policies of land redistribution but were nonetheless consistent with the republican elite’s assimilationist goals, since they aimed to incorporate Kurdish areas into the Turkish economy by co-opting Kurdish landlords into ruling coalitions (Yadırgı, 2018). In Kurdish areas, the Kurdish elite and large landholders became the beneficiaries of unevenly distributed agricultural credits, machinery, and technologies available through US assistance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Agricultural infrastructures: Land, race, and statecraft in Turkey

Adalet

2022

Environ Plan D

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This article argues that biopolitical infrastructures have been central features of Turkey’s ongoing colonization of Kurdish territories and populations and that the Green Revolution, despite its promise of progress and abundance, needs to be understood as part of this history of racialized state-making. In doing so, it joins recent literature that uncovers the local roots of the Green Revolution in domestic politics and land struggles in the global south, also revealing the entwined histories of accumulation and colonial and racial dispossession with agricultural norms and practices. Drawing on research in the records of the Economic Cooperation Administration, US Agency for International Development, Rockefeller Foundation Archives, Turkish parliamentary debates, and contemporaneous journals, I show how the Green Revolution can in fact be retold as an episode in a longer history of struggles over the distribution and use of land, the construction of agricultural infrastructures, and how these questions have been complicated by class, ethnic, racial, gender, and political divisions. The paper thus situates Turkey in a transnational history of agrarian development, while also relating the adoption of high yield seeds, pesticides, and grain cultivation to projects of land consolidation, internal colonialism, and racialized methods of state formation.

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De-development in Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

The Kurdish Problem in the Modern Politics of Iraq, Syria and Turkey: a Comprehensive Analysis

The Kurdish Problem in the Modern Politics of Iraq, Syria and Turkey: a Comprehensive Analysis

Agricultural infrastructures: Land, race, and statecraft in Turkey

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