DDT Residues in Soil

Influence of fungicide (Carbendazim) and herbicides (2, 4-D and Metribuzin) on non-target beneficial soil microorganisms of Rhizospheric Soil of Tomato Crop

“…These organisms especially bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes decompose root residues and bring about many reactions necessary for plant growth and crop production. According to Chisholm [9] et al, 1950 pesticide residues generally will remain in the top 15 cm layer of the soil which is the region of greatest activity of soil microflora thus favoring the interaction of pesticide residues with the flora of the soil ecosystem, Alexander, M., [10] 1961. Most of studies on the effect of pesticides on soil microbial activity have been laboratory also studied by Kale [11] and S.P.…”

Pesticide Residues in Soil and Water

“…Harris and Lichtenstein (1961) found that the volatilisation of insecticides from soil increased with the concentration of the insecticide, the relative humidity of the air over the soil, the soil temperature, the movement of air over the soil surface, and the amount of moisture in the soil. Chisholm and Koblitsky (1959) first suggested that organochlorine insecticides may be lost into the atmosphere by co distillation with water vapour escaping from the soil, and Acree et al (1963) demonstrated that as much as 50% of the DDT in a 10 ppmxl0;1 suspension in water could 422 c. A. Edwards disappear in 24 hours, probably because most of the DDT in the water was concentrated near the surface. Very large amounts of water disappear from the soil by volatilization, and it has been suggested that considerable amounts of insecticide may be lost with this, but this theory has now been largely discredited, and probably the amounts lost by codistillation are very small.…”

Bird Mortality Following DDT Spray for Dutch Elm Disease

“…Robin mortality was both lighter and later, with the final tremoring Robin noted on 13 July 1964, against 19 May, 1963. Presumably 1964 Robin mortality was caused by residual DDT in the ground from past years (Chisholm, Koblitsky, Fahey, and Westlake 1950;Wallace et al 1964;Woodwell and Martin 1964), rather than by Methoxychlor, which has been shown to be much less toxic to birds than DDT (Hickey 1961).…”