DDT and Toxaphene Movement in Surface Water from Cotton Plots

Bradley, J. R.; Sheets, T. J.; Jackson, M. D.

doi:10.2134/jeq1972.00472425000100010025x

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The reports are sorted according to the insecticide compound; for a given compound detections in water are listed first, followed by detections in suspended particles and sediments. There are numerous studies published before 1982 that are not included in Table 1, most of them dealing with organochlorine insecticides (e.g., Bradley et al, 1972; Cope, 1966; Croll, 1969; Gorbach et al, 1971; Greichus et al, 1977; Greve, 1972; Heckman, 1981; Herzel, 1971; Jackson et al, 1974; Kuhr et al, 1974; Miles, 1976; Miles and Harris, 1971, 1973; Pollero et al, 1976; Richard et al, 1975). Ramesh et al (1991) gave a short overview of exemplary studies on organochlorine contamination in surface waters.…”

Section: Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…trend, with 21, 16, 24, and 16 different compounds, respectively. Although these numbers refer only to studies Cooper and coworkers at the USDA Agricultural Research Service's National Sedimentation Laboratory available in the open literature, they demonstrate a clear increase of scientific interest in the topic, probably in the 1970s initiated studies on the effects of agricultural erosion on aquatic ecosystems in the lower Mississippi driven by the development of modern analytical methods, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, River catchment (Cooper, 1987;Cooper and Bacon, 1980;Cooper and Knight, 1986;Cooper et al, 1993; gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, or liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and by Dendy, 1983), which they later extended to the detection of pesticide contamination in various surface water eco-the increasing need for data on pesticide exposure to assess human and environmental health.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Field Studies on Exposure, Effects, and Risk Mitigation of Aquatic Nonpoint‐Source Insecticide Pollution: A Review

Schulz¹

2004

J of Env Quality

329

254

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recently, much attention has been focused on insecticides as a group of chemicals combining high toxicity to invertebrates and fishes with low application rates, which complicates detection in the field. Assessment of these chemicals is greatly facilitated by the description and understanding of exposure, resulting biological effects, and risk mitigation strategies in natural surface waters under field conditions due to normal farming practice. More than 60 reports of insecticide-compound detection in surface waters due to agricultural nonpoint-source pollution have been published in the open literature during the past 20 years, about one-third of them having been undertaken in the past 3.5 years. Recent reports tend to concentrate on specific routes of pesticide entry, such as runoff, but there are very few studies on spray drift-borne contamination. Reported aqueous-phase insecticide concentrations are negatively correlated with the catchment size and all concentrations of > 10 microg/L (19 out of 133) were found in smaller-scale catchments (< 100 km2). Field studies on effects of insecticide contamination often lack appropriate exposure characterization. About 15 of the 42 effect studies reviewed here revealed a clear relationship between quantified, non-experimental exposure and observed effects in situ, on abundance, drift, community structure, or dynamics. Azinphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, and endosulfan were frequently detected at levels above those reported to reveal effects in the field; however, knowledge about effects of insecticides in the field is still sparse. Following a short overview of various risk mitigation or best management practices, constructed wetlands and vegetated ditches are described as a risk mitigation strategy that have only recently been established for agricultural insecticides. Although only 11 studies are available, the results in terms of pesticide retention and toxicity reduction are very promising. Based on the reviewed literature, recommendations are made for future research activities.

show abstract

Section: Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Studies on Exposure, Effects, and Risk Mitigation of Aquatic Nonpoint‐Source Insecticide Pollution: A Review

Schulz¹

2004

J of Env Quality

329

254

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The basic chemical analysis procedure was a spectrophotometric assay method ob tained from the Ciba-Geigy Corporation. 4 The basic analytical procedures were similar for soil and water, but the extraction procedures were different. Prometryn was recovered from wa ter by twice extracting a 100-ml water sample with 25-ml aliquots of methylene chloride.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pesticide movement by surface runoff and leaching is impor tant from the standpoints of pollution, effects on nontarget species, and reduced effectiveness of the pesticide at the target site. Pesticide losses due to runoff have generally been re ported as small (4,5,7). However, atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] losses of 7.3 and 18% of the total amount applied to fallow land have been reported (13,18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prometryn Movement Across and Through the Soil

Baldwin¹,

Santelmann²,

Davidson³

1975

Weed sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Specially constructed runoff plots were used to study the effect of simulated rainfall intensity, antecedent soil moisture, and subsequent rainfall on prometryn [2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-methylthio-s-triazine] movement across and through a field soil with a 1% slope. The first cm (45.4 L) of runoff was collected and subdivided. The initial 3.8 L of runoff water generally contained a higher concentration of prometryn than did a composite from the next 41.6 L. The sediment contained a higher prometryn concentration than did the runoff water. However, due to the greater volume of water lost compared to sediment, over 90% of the prometryn lost was in the water fraction. When prometryn was applied to a dry soil and rainfall simulated, runoff losses of prometryn were 0.5% or less of the total amount initially applied. The first runoff producing simulated rainfall caused the largest prometryn losses, but prometryn could not be detected in the runoff 1 month subsequent to application. Prometryn was never detected at soil depths greater than 5 cm. Prometryn runoff was greater from plots in which the soil was wet at the time of application.

show abstract

“…Physical and chemical properties of pesticides can also affect the loss of pesticides into surface water. Although they are generally insoluble and not readily degraded in water, organochlorine compounds such as DDT and toxaphene are absorbed to sediment and mainly transported in this state (Bradley et al 1972). Skaggs et al (1980) detected alachlorcresidues in drainage water as high as 79 ppb after careful herbicide application, whereas alachlor residues as high as 2.6 ppm were detected in drainage water when probably contaminated by either direct application or heavy drift of herbicide spray.…”

Section: R ----mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative Toxicity of Certain Pesticides to Lagenidium giganteum (Oomycetes: Lagenidiales), a Fungal Pathogen of Mosquito Larvae1

Merriam

Axtell

1983

Environmental Entomology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the relative toxicity of certain insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides to the vegetative growth and zoospore production in North Carolina (NC) and Louisiana (LA) isolates of Lagenidium gigallleum. Zoospore production in both isolates was less tolerant than mycelial growth to most of the pesticides tested and, thus. the IC,,, values (inhibition concentration) for mycelial growth rate on agar underestimated toxicity. The most toxic pesticides to one or both isolates of L. giganteum were captan, gamma-SHC. DOT. toxaphene, chlorpyrifos, and fenthion. These pesticides produced at least 10% inhibition of mycelial growth rate or completely inhibited zoospore production at concentrations below 5 parts per million (ppm). The least toxic pesticides caused a 10% inhibition in mycelial growth rate and failed to inhibit zoospore production at concentrations greater that 50 ppm. These were ditlubenzuron, permethrin. temephos, and propoxur (LA isolate only). Pesticides of intermediate toxicity were: malathion, carbaryl. methoprene. alachlor, and atrazine. The two isolates differed substantially in their tolerance of the following pesticides: malathion, chlorpyrifos, toxaphene, carbaryl, propoxur, permethrin, and methoprene. At their recommended rates of application for control of mosquito larvae, methoprene, fenthion, malathion, and temephos would probably be compatible with both isolates of L. giganteum.

show abstract

DDT and Toxaphene Movement in Surface Water from Cotton Plots

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Field Studies on Exposure, Effects, and Risk Mitigation of Aquatic Nonpoint‐Source Insecticide Pollution: A Review

Field Studies on Exposure, Effects, and Risk Mitigation of Aquatic Nonpoint‐Source Insecticide Pollution: A Review

Prometryn Movement Across and Through the Soil

Relative Toxicity of Certain Pesticides to Lagenidium giganteum (Oomycetes: Lagenidiales), a Fungal Pathogen of Mosquito Larvae1

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About