DC electric fields produce periodic bending of polyelectrolyte gels

Сафронов, А. П.; Shakhnovich, M. I.; Kalganov, A.F.; Камалов, И. А.; Shklyar, T. F.; Blyakhman, F. A.; Pollack, Gerald H.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2011.03.048

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The development of biocompatible materials based on the functional properties of gels is a promising area of biomedical engineering . In particular, polyacrylamide (PAAm) gels and their copolymers are widely used for the creation of sensors, actuators and transducers . Furthermore, the advantages of PAAm gels as cellular substrates for tissue engineering have been reported in a number of investigations …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic gels with chemical and physical interpenetrating networks

Dobreikina

Shklyar

Сафронов

et al. 2018

Polymer International

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This study aimed to create and to characterize the functional properties of gels with semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) with focus on possible use of these composites in biomedical engineering. Polyacrylamide as a synthetic biocompatible polymer was chosen for the chemical network. The physical network comprised the gel-forming polysaccharides xanthan gum or gellan gum. Gels were synthesized by radical polymerization of acrylamide in aqueous solutions of polysaccharides. Mechanical and electrical properties of gels with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 wt% content of polysaccharide were investigated. It was found that the inclusion of a small amount of xanthan or gellan into the polymeric network of a polyacrylamide gel significantly shifts the gel electrical potential towards the rest potential of living cells and Young's modulus towards the elasticity limits of biological soft tissues like non-activated muscles. From the viewpoint of biomedical applications, the main advantage of the proposed composites is that the semi-IPN structure provides a nonlinear dependence of gel tension on gel deformation, which mimics the elasticity of natural tissues. This feature opens the possibility for the promising use of the proposed gels for musculoskeletal minibioimplants or scaffolds for tissue engineering.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic gels with chemical and physical interpenetrating networks

Dobreikina

Shklyar

Сафронов

et al. 2018

Polymer International

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“…Devices that provide periodic bending in different directions without a change in voltage polarity are also known. 6,13 Furthermore, gel-based contactless actuators that move some load or lift it to a certain height have been reported. 14,15 In our earlier works, we demonstrated that gel actuators based on poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA) with biologically significant magnesium counterions (MgPMA) mimic well the main muscular functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such devices are able to demonstrate bending in an electric field in different directions depending on the polarity of the voltage applied to the electrodes. Devices that provide periodic bending in different directions without a change in voltage polarity are also known 6,13 . Furthermore, gel‐based contactless actuators that move some load or lift it to a certain height have been reported 14,15 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our earlier works, we demonstrated that gel actuators based on poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA) with biologically significant magnesium counterions (MgPMA) mimic well the main muscular functions. For example, a gel strip bends periodically in different directions under zero load in a DC electric field, and the number and amplitude of oscillations mainly depend on the crosslinking density of the polymer network 13,16 . Furthermore, MgPMA polyelectrolyte gels demonstrate an electrochemical potential (−90 mV), the value of which is almost the same as the cellular potential of muscle, and it depends on the stretching of the gel strip 17,18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biocompatible contactless electrically responsive hydrogel‐based force maker

Shklyar

Orkhey

Сафронов

et al. 2020

Polymer International

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We present a biocompatible contactless gel actuator based on poly(methacrylic acid) with magnesium counterions (MgPMA) that, being placed in sodium chloride solution, is able to generate a high value of active mechanical force in a DC electric field. Force generation of the gel goes simultaneously with its swelling due to the osmotic pressure provided by the ionic exchange in the MgPMA polyelectrolyte matrix induced by the electric current. An increase in the charge density of the polymeric network enhances the mechanical stiffness of the gel, which provides negative feedback to force generation. The extent of such influence depends on the networking density of the gel matrix. As a result, soft MgPMA gels with low networking density show higher level of force generation than dense gels with high networking density. It is shown that cylindrical gel samples of ca 8 mm in length and ca 11 mm in diameter immersed in NaCl solution some distance apart from platinum electrodes are able to exert a force of up to 0.4 N in a DC electric field for a constant length of sample with a rate of ca 1.0 mN per second on average.

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“…10 Other important properties of PAA hydrogels are their ability to control diffusion process, and their swelling/deswelling response to ionic strength, pH, temperature, and electric field. 11 Water absorption capacity and elastic properties of PAA hydrogels are dependent on the percentage of neutralization of the total concentration of acrylic acid (AA) monomer and the quantity of crosslinker during preparation. [12][13][14] Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroactive behavior assessment of poly(acrylic acid)‐graphene oxide composite hydrogel in the detection of cadmium

Bejarano-Jiménez

Escobar-Barrios

Kleijn

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Super absorbent polymers of acrylic acid-graphene oxide (PAA-GO) were synthesized with different percentage of chemical neutralization (0, 10, and 20%) of the acrylic acid monomer before its polymerization. The influence of their swelling and adsorption/desorption capacity of cadmium ions in aqueous solutions were studied and revealed that the GO enables greater mechanical stability in the materials. The PAA hydrogels, with the same degrees of neutralization, were also prepared without GO to compare with the composites. Additionally, carbon paste electrodes (CPE) modified with the composites PAA-GO were used to asses and compare their adsorption properties with cadmium(II). The anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) peak, in the differential pulse voltammetry mode, for cadmium oxidation was found to be influenced by the presence of GO into the polymer, and also by their percentage of neutralization. The accumulation of cadmium(II) on the surface of the modified CPEs was performed under opencircuit conditions taking an account the preconcentration time of the metal cation. The presence of GO enhances the electrical signal of the electrodes in short times of immersion in cadmium(II) solutions. This property contributed to get linear responses of the CPEs modified with the composites, which were influenced by their degrees of neutralization. The PAA-GO 10N electrode with 10% of neutralization combined the influence of GO and the degree of neutralization in the same matrix, and also showed good performance in terms of its mechanical stability, it was chosen for preliminary studies on the selectivity of the electrode toward Zn(II) and Cu(II).

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DC electric fields produce periodic bending of polyelectrolyte gels

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

Biomimetic gels with chemical and physical interpenetrating networks

Biomimetic gels with chemical and physical interpenetrating networks

Biocompatible contactless electrically responsive hydrogel‐based force maker

Electroactive behavior assessment of poly(acrylic acid)‐graphene oxide composite hydrogel in the detection of cadmium

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