DC electric fields in electrode-free glass vapor cell by photoillumination

Ma, Lu; Paradis, Éric; Raithel, Georg

doi:10.1364/oe.380748

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…为了解决室温原子气室的低频电场屏蔽效应, 2012年, Carter等 [21] 通过内置电极的冷原子系统实现材料表面的电场测量, 实验测量的电场值为0.6 V/cm. Hankin等 [22] 于 2014年利用冷原子测量真空系统直流电场, 研究利用激光控制掺锡氧化铟(ITO)薄膜产生可控电场以补偿真空系统的背景静电场, 实验可测量的典型电场强度为1.5 V/cm. 2020年, Jau和Carter [20] 利用蓝宝石材料制造热原子气室以减弱气室低频电场屏蔽效应, 通过原子气室内部电场光学调控优化原子电场敏感态, 在kHz分析频率频段获得的极限灵敏度约0.34 mV/(cm•Hz 1/2 ).…”

Section: 下的低频电磁场很难进入气室传感区域该频段电unclassified

Measurement of low-frequency electric field waveform by Rydberg atom-based sensor

Zhang,

Qiao,

Liu

et al. 2024

Acta Phys. Sin.

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The high polarizabilities of Rydberg atoms enable multi-dimensional parameter measurements of electromagnetic fields. In this paper we report an atomic antenna by employing Rydberg atoms in room-temperature cesium vapor cell. We employ the cascade-type two-photon excitation electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectroscopy to measure the Rydberg energy levels. EIT is a destructive interference effect with a narrow linewidth, and it can be used to detect a small electric field by Autler-Townes splitting or Stark shifts.<br>In experiments, a low-frequency electric field with ~kHz frequency is introduced by using built-in electrode technique in the room-temperature atomic gas cell. The interaction between Rydberg atom and electric field induces the Stark shifts, where the electric field amplitude is converted into the corresponding two-photon detuning by EIT effect. Furthermore, the low-frequency electric field amplitude is converted into the corresponding intensity signal of probe beam in EIT spectroscopy, that allow to measure the electric field frequencies. Under weak electric field conditions, there is an approximate linear relationship between EIT transmission signal and input electric field amplitude, which enables to detect waveform, amplitude, and frequency parameter. We have demonstrated an atomic antenna with optical probing method. The EIT effect allows increasing the response bandwidth from ~MHz to hundreds of MHz with increasing the probe beam and coupling beam power. Under this condition, the EIT spectroscopy can extend a measure bandwidth to ~MHz, that will provide a scalable approach for high-frequency electric fields.

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Section: 下的低频电磁场很难进入气室传感区域该频段电unclassified

Measurement of low-frequency electric field waveform by Rydberg atom-based sensor

Zhang,

Qiao,

Liu

et al. 2024

Acta Phys. Sin.

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“…However, the measurement of low-frequency electric fields below MHz poses significant challenges. There are two main problems: 1) The conventional two-photon three-level measurement scheme exhibits a significant shielding effect on the low-frequency electric field [8][9][10]. This is because the laser causes the atoms in the vapor cell to undergo photoionization, Penning ionization, etc [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-frequency weak electric field measurement based on Rydberg atoms using cavity-enhanced three photon system

Xiao,

Shi,

Chen

et al. 2024

Front. Phys.

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Introduction: Rydberg atoms are ideal for measuring electric fields due to their unique physical properties. However, low-frequency electric fields below MHz can be challenging due to the accumulation of ionized free electrons on the atomic vapor cell’s surface, acting as a shield.Method: This paper proposes a Cavity-enhanced three-photon system (CETPS) measurement scheme, which uses a long-wavelength laser to excite the Rydberg state, reducing atomic ionization and enhancing detection spectrum resolution. A theoretical model is proposed to explain the quantum coherence effect of the light field, measured electric field, and the atomic system.Result: The results show that the proposed scheme significantly increases the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectral peak and narrows the spectral width, resulting in the maximum slope increasing by more than an order of magnitude.Discussion: The paper also discusses the impact of the Rabi frequency of the two laser fields and the coupling coefficient of the optical cavity on the transmission spectrum amplitude and linewidth, along with the optimal configuration of these parameters in the CEPTS scheme.

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“…DC and low-frequency electric-field control inside glass vacuum cells using electrodes placed outside of the cells is challenging due to cell-internal photo-electric charging effects [21]. While such effects can be controlled in order to enable all-optical generation of cell-internal electric fields [22], physical electrodes inside the cell provide improved electric-field control with greater flexibility in field geometry. Here, we seek structures that are directly integrated into the glass cell wall, simultaneously serving as electrodes and as through-connects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From measured line shifts and splittings one can determine the strength of the E-field in the laserprobe region. This technique, which takes advantage of the large susceptibilities of Rydberg atoms to DC and AC electric fields [29,30], has previously been used to observe a variety of electric fields, including radio HF and VHF fields [31][32][33], monochromatic [1][2][3][4] or modulated [34] microwave radiation, plasma electric fields [35,36], and DC electric fields [22,31,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of DC and AC electric fields inside an atomic vapor cell with wall-integrated electrodes

Viray¹,

Anderson²,

Raithel³

2021

Preprint

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We present and characterize an atomic vapor cell with silicon ring electrodes directly embedded between borosilicate glass tubes. The cell is assembled with an anodic bonding method and is filled with Rb vapor. The ring electrodes can be externally connectorized for application of electric fields to the inside of the cell. An atom-based, all-optical, laser-spectroscopic field sensing method is employed to measure electric fields in the cell. Here, the Stark effect of electric-field-sensitive rubidium Rydberg atoms is exploited to measure DC electric fields in the cell of ∼ 5 V/cm, with a relative uncertainty of 10%. Measurement results are compared with DC field calculations, allowing us to quantify electric-field attenuation due to free surface charges inside the cell. We further measure the propagation of microwave fields into the cell, using Autler-Townes splitting of Rydberg levels as a field probe. Results are obtained for a range of microwave powers and polarization angles relative to the cell's ring electrodes. We compare the results with microwave-field calculations. Applications are discussed.

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DC electric fields in electrode-free glass vapor cell by photoillumination

Cited by 16 publications

References 57 publications

Measurement of low-frequency electric field waveform by Rydberg atom-based sensor

Measurement of low-frequency electric field waveform by Rydberg atom-based sensor

Low-frequency weak electric field measurement based on Rydberg atoms using cavity-enhanced three photon system

Measurement of DC and AC electric fields inside an atomic vapor cell with wall-integrated electrodes

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