DBP alteration from NOM and model compounds after UV/persulfate treatment with post chlorination

Hua, Zhechao; Kong, Xiujuan; Hou, Senlin; Zou, Shiqian; Xu, Xibing; Huang, Huang; Fang, Jingyun

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2019.04.030

Cited by 69 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Instead, an extraction–pyrolysis method was used, which has a lower detection limit (0.1 μM as Br). , After laser irradiation, the samples were extracted using methyl tert -butyl ether (MTBE) and analyzed for TOBr and TBM. TOBr was determined using microcoulometry on a total organic halogen (TOX) analyzer (Xplorer, TE Instruments, Netherlands), and TBM was determined on a gas chromatograph (GC, Thermo Fisher Trace 1300) system equipped with an electron capture detector and a HP-5 fused silica capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 μm, Agilent J&W Scientific), following the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Method 551.1. − The TBM detection limit is 0.2 nM (0.05 μg L –1 ).…”

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bromine Radical (Br^• and Br₂^•–) Reactivity with Dissolved Organic Matter and Brominated Organic Byproduct Formation

Lei

Westerhoff

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a major scavenger of bromine radicals (e.g., Br• and Br2 •–) in sunlit surface waters and during oxidative processes used in water treatment. However, the literature lacks quantitative measurements of reaction rate constants between bromine radicals and DOM and lacks information on the extent to which these reactions form brominated organic byproducts. Based on transient kinetic analysis with different fractions and sources of DOM, we determined reaction rate constants for DOM with Br• ranging from <5.0 × 107 to (4.2 ± 1.3) × 108 MC –1 s–1, which are comparable with those of HO• but higher than those with Br2 •– (k = (9.0 ± 2.0) × 104 to (12.4 ± 2.1) × 105 MC –1 s–1). Br• and Br2 •– attack the aromatic and antioxidant moieties of DOM via the electron transfer mechanism, resulting in Br– release with minimal substitution of bromine into DOM. For example, the total organic bromine was less than 0.25 μM (as Br) at environmentally relevant bromine radicals’ exposures of ∼10–9 M·s. The results give robust evidence that the scavenging of bromine radicals by DOM is a crucial step to prevent inorganic bromine radical chemistry from producing free bromine (HOBr/OBr–) and subsequent brominated byproducts.

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Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bromine Radical (Br^• and Br₂^•–) Reactivity with Dissolved Organic Matter and Brominated Organic Byproduct Formation

Lei

Westerhoff

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The concentrations of TCM were determined according to the USEPA Method 551.1. The samples were extracted using methyl tert -butyl ether (MTBE) and analyzed using a gas chromatograph (Agilent 7890A) system equipped with an electron capture detector and a HP-5 fused silica capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 mm, Agilent J&W Scientific) . The detection limit of TCM is 0.1 μg L –1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactivity of Chlorine Radicals (Cl^• and Cl₂^•–) with Dissolved Organic Matter and the Formation of Chlorinated Byproducts

Lei

Westerhoff

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

156

132

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Chlorine radicals, including Cl• and Cl2 •–, can be produced in sunlight waters (rivers, oceans, and lakes) or water treatment processes (e.g., electrochemical and advanced oxidation processes). Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a major reactant with, or a scavenger of, Cl• and Cl2 •– in water, but limited quantitative information exists regarding the influence of DOM structure on its reactivity with Cl• and Cl2 •–. This study aimed at quantifying the reaction rates and the formation of chlorinated organic byproducts produced from Cl• and Cl2 •– reactions with DOM. Laser flash photolysis experiments were conducted to quantify the second-order reaction rate constants of 19 DOM isolates with Cl• (k DOM–Cl•) and Cl2 •– (k DOM–Cl2•–), and compare those with the hydroxyl radical rate constants (k DOM–•OH). The values for k DOM–Cl• ((3.71 ± 0.34) × 108 to (1.52 ± 1.56) × 109 MC –1 s–1) were orders of magnitude greater than the k DOM–Cl2•– values ((4.60 ± 0.90) × 106 to (3.57 ± 0.53) × 107 MC –1 s–1). k DOM–Cl• negatively correlated with the weight-averaged molecular weight (M W) due to the diffusion-controlled reactions. DOM with high aromaticity and total antioxidant capacity tended to react faster with Cl2 •–. During the same experiments, we also monitored the formation of chlorinated byproducts through the evolution of total organic chlorine (TOCl) as a function of chlorine radical oxidant exposure (CT value). Maximum TOCl occurred at a CT of 4–8 × 10–12 M·s for Cl• and 1.1–2.2 × 10–10 M·s for Cl2 •–. These results signify the importance of DOM in scavenging chlorine radicals and the potential risks of producing chlorinated byproducts of unknown toxicity.

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“…•− and Br − reaction was demonstrated. Hua et al [92] studied the DBP alteration from NOM and model compounds after UV/PS treatment and subsequent chlorination. They found that the yields of THMs and dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) from NOM decreased by 50% and 54%, respectively, after UV/PS followed with chlorination, whereas those of chloral hydrate (CH), 1,1,1trichloropropanone and trichloronitromethane (TCNM) increased by 217%, 136%, and 153%, respectively.…”

Section: Sulfate-radical Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Catalytic Ozonation Processes on the Elimination of DBPs and Their Precursors in Drinking Water Treatment

2021

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Formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water treatment (DWT) as a result of pathogen removal has always been an issue of special attention in the preparation of safe water. DBPs are formed by the action of oxidant-disinfectant chemicals, mainly chlorine derivatives (chlorine, hypochlorous acid, chloramines, etc.), that react with natural organic matter (NOM), mainly humic substances. DBPs are usually refractory to oxidation, mainly due to the presence of halogen compounds so that advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are a recommended option to deal with their removal. In this work, the application of catalytic ozonation processes (with and without the simultaneous presence of radiation), moderately recent AOPs, for the removal of humic substances (NOM), also called DBPs precursors, and DBPs themselves is reviewed. First, a short history about the use of disinfectants in DWT, DBPs formation discovery and alternative oxidants used is presented. Then, sections are dedicated to conventional AOPs applied to remove DBPs and their precursors to finalize with the description of principal research achievements found in the literature about application of catalytic ozonation processes. In this sense, aspects such as operating conditions, reactors used, radiation sources applied in their case, kinetics and mechanisms are reviewed.

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DBP alteration from NOM and model compounds after UV/persulfate treatment with post chlorination

Cited by 69 publications

References 54 publications

Bromine Radical (Br^• and Br₂^•–) Reactivity with Dissolved Organic Matter and Brominated Organic Byproduct Formation

Bromine Radical (Br^• and Br₂^•–) Reactivity with Dissolved Organic Matter and Brominated Organic Byproduct Formation

Reactivity of Chlorine Radicals (Cl^• and Cl₂^•–) with Dissolved Organic Matter and the Formation of Chlorinated Byproducts

The Role of Catalytic Ozonation Processes on the Elimination of DBPs and Their Precursors in Drinking Water Treatment

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DBP alteration from NOM and model compounds after UV/persulfate treatment with post chlorination

Cited by 69 publications

References 54 publications

Bromine Radical (Br• and Br2•–) Reactivity with Dissolved Organic Matter and Brominated Organic Byproduct Formation

Bromine Radical (Br• and Br2•–) Reactivity with Dissolved Organic Matter and Brominated Organic Byproduct Formation

Reactivity of Chlorine Radicals (Cl• and Cl2•–) with Dissolved Organic Matter and the Formation of Chlorinated Byproducts

The Role of Catalytic Ozonation Processes on the Elimination of DBPs and Their Precursors in Drinking Water Treatment

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Product

Resources

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Bromine Radical (Br^• and Br₂^•–) Reactivity with Dissolved Organic Matter and Brominated Organic Byproduct Formation

Bromine Radical (Br^• and Br₂^•–) Reactivity with Dissolved Organic Matter and Brominated Organic Byproduct Formation

Reactivity of Chlorine Radicals (Cl^• and Cl₂^•–) with Dissolved Organic Matter and the Formation of Chlorinated Byproducts