Daytime wakefulness following a bedtime oral dose of zolpidem 20 mg, flunitrazepam 2 mg and placebo.

Bensimon, G.; Foret, Jean; Warot, D.; Lacomblez, Lucette; Jf, Thiercelin; Simon, Pierre

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1990.tb03798.x

Cited by 37 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Taking the mean values into account in SSS and SEQ, although still speculative, a subjective hangover effect at awakening and in the morning was suggested. In contrast to quazepam, a number of studies suggest dose‐related detrimental hangover effects of flunitrazepam not only on daytime sedation but also on various measures of psychomotor performance 23–31 . In the present study, 1 mg flunitrazepam produced less hangover effects than 15 mg quazepam in terms of sleep propensity and daily activities in the afternoon, which appeared to contradict previous findings.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to quazepam, a number of studies suggest dose-related detrimental hangover effects of flunitrazepam not only on daytime sedation but also on various measures of psychomotor performance. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] In the present study, 1 mg flunitrazepam produced less hangover effects than 15 mg quazepam in terms of sleep propensity and daily activities in the afternoon, which appeared to contradict previous findings. The reason for the discrepancy is not clear, but the relatively long-lasting sedation of quazepam, which was indicated during days 5-7, might have been caused by the cumulative effect of the long-acting desalkylflurazepam, one of the major metabolites of quazepam.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparison of hangover effects among triazolam, flunitrazepam and quazepam in healthy subjects: A preliminary report

Takahashi

Okajima

Otsubo

et al. 2003

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of the present study was to compare the hangover effects of night-time administration of triazolam (0.25 mg), flunitrazepam (1 mg) and quazepam (15 mg) in healthy subjects. Daytime sleepiness and performance level following the night-time administration of the drugs were assessed using Standford Sleepiness Scale (SSS), Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire (SEQ), Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT), actigraphy recordings and Continuous Performance Test (CPT). Fifteen healthy volunteers were given one of the three hypnotics at each drug session, which lasted for 1 week, in a single-blind cross-over fashion. No significant between-drug difference was observed for the psychomotor performance assessed by CPT. Subjective hangover effects assessed by SSS and SEQ in the morning were prominent for flunitrazepam and quazepam relative to triazolam, whereas objective indices such as MSLT or activity counts obtained in actigraphy indicated a marked hangover effect of quazepam compared with the other two compounds restrictively in the afternoon, which were nearly in accordance with their pharmacokinetic profiles.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

Comparison of hangover effects among triazolam, flunitrazepam and quazepam in healthy subjects: A preliminary report

Takahashi

Okajima

Otsubo

et al. 2003

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This may be due to the fact that the patients were neurotically trying to be most accurate at the expense of speed. Our findings are in agreement with various reports that zolpidem as compared with placebo left both normals [56][57][58][59] and patients [42,[60][61][62]] unimpaired regarding cognitive function, choice reaction time, digit symbol substitution as well as alertness.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Placebo-Controlled Sleep Laboratory Studies on the Acute Effects of Zolpidem on Objective and Subjective Sleep and Awakening Quality in Nonorganic Insomnia Related to Neurotic and Stress-Related Disorder

Saletu-Zyhlarz

Anderer²,

Brandstätter³

et al. 2000

Neuropsychobiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent investigations in our sleep outpatient clinic demonstrated that 30% of patients exhibited organic and 70% nonorganic sleep disorders, with 41% showing as an additional diagnosis neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders, 31% affective disorders and 15% mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the acute effects of the imidazopyridine zolpidem on objective and subjective sleep and awakening quality in the largest of the above-mentioned groups. In this single-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study, 15 patients (9 females and 6 males aged 51.1 + 11.3 years) diagnosed as having nonorganic insomnia (ICD–10: F 51.0) related to neurotic and stress-related disorders (F 1.1:12, F 41.2:2 and F 43.2:1) were included. Objective and subjective sleep and awakening quality measures were investigated in 3 subsequent nights in the sleep laboratory (adaptation, baseline/placebo and zolpidem 10 mg night), utilizing clinical, polysomnographic, psychometric and psychophysiological methods. The drug-free patients were matched according to age and sex with 15 normal healthy controls (age 51.2 + 11.8 years). Statistical analysis of polysomnographic variables demonstrated a significant lengthening of the total sleep period (TSP) and total sleep time (TST), an improvement in sleep efficiency and a shortening of sleep latencies after zolpidem as compared with placebo. These changes were opposite to the differences between patients and controls. Concerning sleep architecture, zolpidem increased the length of S4 and S3 + S4 as compared with placebo. Subjective sleep and awakening quality and the thymopsychic variables drive, mood, affectivity and wakefulness in the morning showed no significant changes, as a significant improvement had already occurred from the adaptation to the baseline/placebo night. Noopsychic variables (attention, concentration, attention variability, numerical memory, fine motor activity, reaction time measures) showed similar findings. Moreover, subjective sleep and awakening quality, thymopsychic and noopsychic measures during baseline/placebo recordings did not differ significantly from normative data (except for fine motor activity). Psychophysiological measures did not show any significant alterations either, except for a decrease in systolic blood pressure in the evening. Conclusion: As compared with placebo, zolpidem induced a significant improvement in objective sleep quality, mainly by increasing TSP, TST and sleep efficiency and shortening sleep latencies, thereby normalizing the disorder of initiating and maintaining sleep. Deep sleep stages S3 + S4 increased (although at baseline/placebo these stages did not differ from controls), while S1, S2 and SREM did not change significantly. Subjective sleep and awakening quality as well as thymopsychic and noopsychic performance in the morning mainly showed a placebo and ‘first- night effect’ phenomenon in these patients. Thus, the changes induced by zolpidem were somewhat diff...

show abstract

“…Warburton and Wesnes (1984) similarly stated: 'ideally a hypnotic should induce sleep which leaves the patient refreshed and alert the next morning'. The new non-benzodiazepine hypnotics have short half-life and seem to lead to night-time sedation without a decrement in the level of morning alertness and vitality (Hindmarch, 1977) Zopiclone 7.5 mg Improved 6.9 mm ( p < 0.05) (Hindmarch, 1977) Improved, scale not comparable p < 0.05 (Elie and Deschenes, 1983) Zolpidem 10 mg Not significant Not significant Roth et al, 1995) Temazepam 15 mg Not significant (Leigh et al, 1987) Not significant (Leigh et al, 1987) Lorazepam 1 mg Impairment Impairment of serial subtraction, p < 0.01 letter cancellation, car driving scores ) Clobazam 10 mg Not significant Not significant (Hindmarch, 1977) 1990) p < 0.01 Zopiclone 7.5 mg Improved 17.7 mm ( p < 0.05) (Hindmarch, 1990) Improved, scale not comparable p < 0.05 (Elie and Deschenes, 1983) (Bensimon et al, 1990). The LSEQ, consistently with these findings, indicated an improvement in GTS and QOS (ease of getting to sleep and more restful sleep with less awakenings) with Zolpidem 10 mg compared with placebo and there was no significant deterioration in AFS and BFW (study 15 Table 1) showing that Zolpidem did not differ from placebo in subjective feelings of the ease of awakening from sleep or the sense of psychomotor coordination after arising.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Subjective assessment of the effects of CNS‐active drugs on sleep by the Leeds sleep evaluation questionnaire: a review

Zisapel

Laudon

2003

Human Psychopharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Leeds sleep evaluation questionnaire (LSEQ) comprises ten self-rating 100 mm line analogue questions concerned with sleep and early morning behaviour. A literature search identified 83 studies in peer-reviewed journals that reported the use of the LSEQ for psychopharmacological investigations of drug effects on self-reported aspects of sleep. High internal consistency and reliability of the questionnaire have been demonstrated. Findings from studies involving a variety of psychoactive agents indicated that the LSEQ was able to quantify subjective impressions of sleep and waking and the effects of drugs in healthy volunteers, depressed and insomnia patients. In accordance with their known activity profile nocturnal administration of sedative hypnotic agents and antihistamines induced dose-related improvements in self-reported ease of getting to sleep, and quality of sleep but a decrease in alertness and behavioural integrity the following morning. Psychostimulants, on the other hand, impaired subjective ratings of sleep and increased early morning alertness. Antidepressants and certain anxiolytic agents improved both self-reported sleep aspects and early morning alertness. Treatment effects measured by the LSEQ corresponded to those measured for the same drugs by other assessment methods. These data indicate that the LSEQ is a robust and reliable instrument for psychopharmacological evaluations. Self-evaluations of sleep, as obtained by the LSEQ, can therefore provide consistent and meaningful measures for estimating the effectiveness of sleep modulators and sedative-hypnotic drugs.

show abstract

Daytime wakefulness following a bedtime oral dose of zolpidem 20 mg, flunitrazepam 2 mg and placebo.

Cited by 37 publications

References 19 publications

Comparison of hangover effects among triazolam, flunitrazepam and quazepam in healthy subjects: A preliminary report

Comparison of hangover effects among triazolam, flunitrazepam and quazepam in healthy subjects: A preliminary report

Placebo-Controlled Sleep Laboratory Studies on the Acute Effects of Zolpidem on Objective and Subjective Sleep and Awakening Quality in Nonorganic Insomnia Related to Neurotic and Stress-Related Disorder

Subjective assessment of the effects of CNS‐active drugs on sleep by the Leeds sleep evaluation questionnaire: a review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About