Day-time concentrations of biogenic volatile organic compounds in a boreal forest canopy and their relation to environmental and biological factors

Lappalainen, Hanna; Sevanto, Sanna; Bäck, Jaana; Ruuskanen, T. M.; Kolari, Pasi; Taipale, Risto; Rinne, Janne; Kulmala, Markku; Hari, Pertti

doi:10.5194/acp-9-5447-2009

Cited by 89 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…where a = 0.062 and b = 0.078 -which has been shown to reproduce observations of monoterpene concentrations in Hyytiälä with good accuracy (Lappalainen et al, 2009). Also oxidation rates of monoterpenes, i.e.…”

Section: Meteorological Data Gas Concentrations and Condensation Sinkmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Concentrations of a group of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC), including monoterpenes, have been shown to depend exponentially on the temperature at SMEAR II (Lappalainen et al, 2009). Therefore, to extend the time series of monoterpene concentration data in the analysis, the monoterpene concentration was approximated with the parameterisation (see Fig.…”

Section: Meteorological Data Gas Concentrations and Condensation Sinkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth rates of nucleation mode particles in Hyytiälä during 2003−2009: variation with particle size, season, data analysis method and ambient conditions

et al. 2011

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Abstract. The condensational growth rate of aerosol particles formed in atmospheric new particle formation events is one of the most important factors influencing the lifetime of these particles and their ability to become climatically relevant. Diameter growth rates (GR) of nucleation mode particles were studied based on almost 7 yr of data measured during the years 2003-2009 at a boreal forest measurement station SMEAR II in Hyytiälä, Finland. The particle growth rates were estimated using particle size distributions measured with a Differential Mobility Particle Sizer (DMPS), a Balanced Scanning Mobility Analyzer (BSMA) and an Air Ion Spectrometer (AIS). Two GR analysis methods were tested. The particle growth rates were also compared to an extensive set of ambient meteorological parameters and trace gas concentrations to investigate the processes/constituents limiting the aerosol growth. The median growth rates of particles in the nucleation mode size ranges with diameters of 1.5-3 nm, 3-7 nm and 7-20 nm were 1.9 nm h −1 , 3.8 nm h −1 , and 4.3 nm h −1 , respectively. The median relative uncertainties in the growth rates due to the size distribution instrumentation in these size ranges were 25 %, 19 %, and 8 %, respectively. For the smallest particles (1.5-3 nm) the AIS data yielded on average higher growth rate values than the BSMA data, and higher growth rates were obtained from positively charged size distributions as compared with negatively charged particles. For particles larger than 3 nm in diameter no such systematic differences were found. For these particles the uncertainty in the growth rate related to Correspondence to: T. Yli-Juuti (taina.yli-juuti@helsinki.fi) the analysis method, with relative uncertainty of 16 %, was similar to that related to the instruments. The growth rates of 7-20 nm particles showed positive correlation with monoterpene concentrations and their oxidation rate by ozone. The oxidation rate by OH did not show a connection with GR. Our results indicate that the growth of nucleation mode particles in Hyytiälä is mainly limited by the concentrations of organic precursors.

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Section: Meteorological Data Gas Concentrations and Condensation Sinkmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Meteorological Data Gas Concentrations and Condensation Sinkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth rates of nucleation mode particles in Hyytiälä during 2003−2009: variation with particle size, season, data analysis method and ambient conditions

et al. 2011

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“…This site has been focus of intensive research investigating BVOC (Rinne et al, 2005;Holzke et al, 2006;Hakola et al, 2009;Lappalainen et al, 2009;Aaltonen et al, 2011) and their influence on O 3 reactivity (Mogensen et al, 2015;Zhou et al, 5 2017) and OH-reactivity Nölscher et al, 2012) as well as simulations on NO 3 lifetimes (Hakola et al, 2003;Peräkylä et al, 2014). SMEAR II is located 49 km north-east of Tampere (pop.…”

Section: Smear II Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The boreal forest covers an area of ≈ 15 million km 2 worldwide, which is of comparable size to that of the tropical rainforest (Eerdekens et al, 2009). Forests emit large amounts of unsaturated hydrocarbons in the form of the terpenoids such as, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene, C 5 H 8 ), monoterpenes (C 10 H 16 ) and sesquiterpenes (C 15 H 24 ) that have a 5 significant impact on HOx (HO + HO 2 ) and NO X (NO+NO 2 ) budgets (Hakola et al, 2003;Tarvainen et al, 2005;Holzke et al, 2006;Lappalainen et al, 2009) and formation of secondary organic particle (Hallquist et al, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

Direct measurement of NO<sub>3</sub> reactivity in a boreal forest

Liebmann

Karu

Sobanski

et al. 2017

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Abstract. We present the first direct measurements of NO 3 reactivity (or inverse lifetime, s -1 ) in the Finnish boreal forest.The data were obtained during the IBAIRN campaign (Influence of Biosphere-Atmosphere Interactions on the Reactive 15 Nitrogen budget) which took place in Hyytiälä, Finland during the summer / autumn transition in September 2016. The NO 3 reactivity was generally very high with a maximum value of 0.94 s -1 and displayed a strong diel variation with a campaignaveraged nighttime mean value of 0.11 s -1 compared to a daytime value of 0.04 s -1 . The highest nighttime NO 3 -reactivity was accompanied by major depletion of canopy level ozone and was associated with strong temperature inversions and high levels of monoterpenes. The daytime reactivity was sufficiently large that reactions of NO 3 with organic trace gases could 20 compete with photolysis and reaction with NO. There was no significant reduction in the measured NO 3 reactivity between the beginning and end of the campaign indicating that any seasonal reduction in canopy emissions of reactive biogenic trace gases was offset by emissions from the forest floor. Observations of biogenic hydrocarbons (BVOC) suggested a dominant role for monoterpenes in determining the NO 3 reactivity. Reactivity not accounted for by in-situ measurement of NO and BVOCs was variable across the diel cycle with, on average, ≈ 30% "missing" during nighttime and ≈ 60% missing during 25 the day. Measurement of the NO 3 reactivity at various heights (8.5 to 25 m) both above and below the canopy, revealed a strong nighttime, vertical gradient with maximum values closest to the ground. The gradient disappeared during daytime due to efficient vertical mixing.

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“…To test the robustness of our approach with respect to variations in the concentrations of the monoterpenes and their oxidation products, three different sources of data were used for monoterpene concentrations in Hyytiälä: GLOMAP simulations (Spracklen et al, 2006) for the year 2008 using the GEIA database based on MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature, Guenther et al, 1995) for monoterpene emissions, observations with the PTR-MS (Proton Mass Transfer Mass Spectrometer, Lindinger et al, 1998) that was operating during 2007-2009, and a semiempirical parameterization for monoterpene concentrations based on ambient temperatures (Lappalainen et al, 2009;see Table 2). Concentrations of SORG MT were then determined using the monoterpene concentrations.…”

Section: Concentration Of Sorg Mtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi-empirical parameterization of size-dependent atmospheric nanoparticle growth in continental environments

et al. 2013

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The capability to accurately yet efficiently represent atmospheric nanoparticle growth by biogenic and anthropogenic secondary organics is a challenge for current atmospheric large-scale models. It is, however, crucial to predict nanoparticle growth accurately in order to reliably estimate the atmospheric cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations. In this work we introduce a simple semi-empirical parameterization for sub-20 nm particle growth that distributes secondary organics to the nanoparticles according to their size and is therefore able to reproduce particle growth observed in the atmosphere. The parameterization includes particle growth by sulfuric acid, secondary organics from monoterpene oxidation (SORG_MT) and an additional condensable vapor of non-monoterpene organics ("background"). The performance of the proposed parameterization was investigated using ambient data on particle growth rates in three diameter ranges (1.5–3 nm, 3–7 nm and 7–20 nm). The growth rate data were acquired from particle/air ion number size distribution measurements at six continental sites over Europe. The longest time series of 7 yr (2003–2009) was obtained from a boreal forest site in Hyytiälä, Finland, while about one year of data (2008–2009) was used for the other stations. The extensive ambient measurements made it possible to test how well the parameterization captures the seasonal cycle observed in sub-20 nm particle growth and to determine the weighing factors for distributing the SORG_MT for different sized particles as well as the background mass flux (concentration). Besides the monoterpene oxidation products, background organics with a concentration comparable to SORG_MT, around 6 × 10⁷ cm⁻³ (consistent with an additional global SOA yield of 100 Tg yr⁻¹) was needed to reproduce the observed nanoparticle growth. Simulations with global models suggest that the "background" could be linked to secondary biogenic organics that are formed in the presence of anthropogenic pollution

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Day-time concentrations of biogenic volatile organic compounds in a boreal forest canopy and their relation to environmental and biological factors

Cited by 89 publications

References 58 publications

Growth rates of nucleation mode particles in Hyytiälä during 2003−2009: variation with particle size, season, data analysis method and ambient conditions

Growth rates of nucleation mode particles in Hyytiälä during 2003−2009: variation with particle size, season, data analysis method and ambient conditions

Direct measurement of NO<sub>3</sub> reactivity in a boreal forest

Semi-empirical parameterization of size-dependent atmospheric nanoparticle growth in continental environments

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Day-time concentrations of biogenic volatile organic compounds in a boreal forest canopy and their relation to environmental and biological factors

Cited by 89 publications

References 58 publications

Growth rates of nucleation mode particles in Hyytiälä during 2003−2009: variation with particle size, season, data analysis method and ambient conditions

Growth rates of nucleation mode particles in Hyytiälä during 2003−2009: variation with particle size, season, data analysis method and ambient conditions

Direct measurement of NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; reactivity in a boreal forest

Semi-empirical parameterization of size-dependent atmospheric nanoparticle growth in continental environments

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Direct measurement of NO<sub>3</sub> reactivity in a boreal forest