Day and night heat stress trigger different transcriptomic responses in green and ripening grapevine (vitis vinifera) fruit

Abstract

BackgroundGlobal climate change will noticeably affect plant vegetative and reproductive development. The recent increase in temperatures has already impacted yields and composition of berries in many grapevine-growing regions. Physiological processes underlying temperature response and tolerance of the grapevine fruit have not been extensively investigated. To date, all studies investigating the molecular regulation of fleshly fruit response to abiotic stress were only conducted during the day, overlooking possible critical night-specific variations. The present study explores the night and day transcriptomic response of grapevine fruit to heat stress at several developmental stages. Short heat stresses (2 h) were applied at day and night to vines bearing clusters sequentially ordered according to the developmental stages along their vertical axes. The recently proposed microvine model (DRCF-Dwarf Rapid Cycling and Continuous Flowering) was grown in climatic chambers in order to circumvent common constraints and biases inevitable in field experiments with perennial macrovines. Post-véraison berry heterogeneity within clusters was avoided by constituting homogenous batches following organic acids and sugars measurements of individual berries. A whole genome transcriptomic approach was subsequently conducted using NimbleGen 090818 Vitis 12X (30 K) microarrays.ResultsPresent work reveals significant differences in heat stress responsive pathways according to day or night treatment, in particular regarding genes associated with acidity and phenylpropanoid metabolism. Precise distinction of ripening stages led to stage-specific detection of malic acid and anthocyanin-related transcripts modulated by heat stress. Important changes in cell wall modification related processes as well as indications for heat-induced delay of ripening and sugar accumulation were observed at véraison, an effect that was reversed at later stages.ConclusionsThis first day - night study on heat stress adaption of the grapevine berry shows that the transcriptome of fleshy fruits is differentially affected by abiotic stress at night. The present results emphasize the necessity of including different developmental stages and especially several daytime points in transcriptomic studies.

Drought and Heat Differentially Affect XTH Expression and XET Activity and Action in 3-Day-Old Seedlings of Durum Wheat Cultivars with Different Stress Susceptibility

“…The stable, or even slight increase, of XET activity and action observed in thermo-tolerant cultivar Svevo could instead support the growth of the root system ensuring the correct development of whole plant even at high temperature, constituting a fundamental mechanism in the process of heat-tolerance (Huang et al, 2012). An increased level of XTH transcripts has been reported in ripening grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) fruits following heat stress and related to the need for more flexible cell walls to allow an adaptation of berry volume to temperature (Rienth et al, 2014). It has also been speculated that, after cell elongation has ceased, the functional significance of XTHs could be linked to the strengthening of cell walls by increasing xyloglucan polymerization, which might help plants to adapt to high temperature by reinforcing of connections between primary and secondary walls (Yang et al, 2006).…”

Multiomics in Grape Berry Skin Revealed Specific Induction of the Stilbene Synthetic Pathway by Ultraviolet-C Irradiation

“…Although a certain number of publications have reported the results of transcriptome analyses in grape, most used EST-based microarrays and their data did not cover the whole grape genes. After the update of the grape genome data by Grimplet et al (2012), transcriptome analysis using a microarray covering the whole grape genes became popular (Pastore et al, 2011(Pastore et al, , 2013Fasoli et al, 2012;Gambino et al, 2012;Lijavetzky et al, 2012;Young et al, 2012;Dal Santo et al, 2013;Carbonell-Bejerano et al, 2014aDai et al, 2014;Rienth et al, 2014aRienth et al, , 2014b. Recently, RNA sequencing has also become popular in the transcriptome analysis of grape Fasoli et al, 2012;Perazzolli et al, 2012;Sweetman et al, 2012;Venturini et al, 2013;Chitwood et al, 2014;Li et al, 2014;Vitulo et al, 2014;Xu et al, 2014).…”

Foliar application of methyl jasmonate induced physio-hormonal changes in Pisum sativum under diverse temperature regimes

“…Simulations of current and future anthropogenic activity predict that average global air temperature will further increase by 1e4.5 C, at rate of 0.2 C per decade, by the end of the 21st century, which may reduce global crop yields (IPCC, 2007;Rienth et al, 2014;Sgobba et al, 2015). Although increase of 2e6 C has dramatic effects on growth (hypocotyls elongation) and flowering time depending on the light conditions (Thines et al, 2014;Bours et al, 2015).…”

“…The effects of heat stress differ according to growth stage: high temperatures reduce coleoptile lengths at germination; shorten internode length, increase tiller number, induce premature senescence, and reduce biomass at the vegetative stage; and decrease grain number and plant weight at the grain-filling stage (Djanaguiraman et al, 2014;Sgobba et al, 2015). These events are further accompanied by anatomical alterations, revealed by reductions in cell size, stomatal closure, increased stomatal density, altered trichome numbers, and enlarged xylem vessels in roots and shoots Djanaguiraman et al, 2014;Rienth et al, 2014). Crops respond differently to changes in day and night temperatures (Djanaguiraman et al, 2014;Rienth et al, 2014).…”

“…These events are further accompanied by anatomical alterations, revealed by reductions in cell size, stomatal closure, increased stomatal density, altered trichome numbers, and enlarged xylem vessels in roots and shoots Djanaguiraman et al, 2014;Rienth et al, 2014). Crops respond differently to changes in day and night temperatures (Djanaguiraman et al, 2014;Rienth et al, 2014). Plant growth and development are also affected by cold stress, which may cause chilling injury (0e15 C) or freezing injury (below 0 C), both of which significantly reduce crop productivity and quality (Kosova et al, 2012;Baxter, 2014;Luo et al, 2014).…”