“…EPP and DSM are hot topics in energy management, as they grew in size; they encountered economic, technological, and managerial problems in the development process (Haydt et al, 2014). Thus, most scholars prefer to focus on the three aspects of EPPs, such as in the economic field, such as billing (Çakmak and Altaş, 2020), pricing (Venizelou et al, 2020), and cost-benefit analysis (Wang and Zhu, 2014); in the field of mathematics, such as scheduling (Chamandoust et al, 2020) and planning (Zhu et al, 2017) and energy efficiency (Wang et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2016;Chakraborty et al, 2020); and in the field of technology, such as renewable energy (Kalair et al, 2020), smart distribution system (Reddy et al, 2020), and others (Mendes et al, 2020).…”