Day-ahead Market Modelling of Large-scale Highly-renewable Multi-energy Systems: Analysis of the North Sea Region Towards 2050

Abstract

This paper proposes a mathematical model to simulate Day-ahead markets of large-scale multi-energy systems with high share of renewable energy. Furthermore, it analyses the importance of including unit commitment when performing such analysis. The results of the case study, which is performed for the North Sea region, show the influence of massive renewable penetration in the energy sector and increasing electrification of the district heating sector towards 2050, and how this impacts the role of other energy sources such as thermal and hydro. The penetration of wind and solar is likely to challenge the need for balancing in the system as well as the profitability of thermal units. The degree of influence of the unit commitment approach is found to be dependent on the configuration of the energy system. Overall, including unit commitment constraints with integer variables leads to more realistic behaviour of the units, at the cost of increasing considerably the computational time. Relaxing integer variables reduces significantly the computational time, without highly compromising the accuracy of the results. The proposed model, together with the insights from the study case, can be specially useful for system operators for optimal operational planning.

Wind farm flow control oriented to electricity markets and grid integration: Initial perspective analysis

“…In order to determine, develop and validate WFFC strategies for future power and energy systems, it is crucial to model the future energy market, operation, and scenarios. FarmConners showcases include scenarios that are simulated as investment optimization of the generation and transmission capacity for North Sea countries 105‐107 for 2020 and 2030, using 2012 as the meteorological year for weather simulations, and assuming perfect forecasts and sensor measurements. The time series for weather and electricity prices are generated for the reference WPP of the European TotalControl project 108 (TC‐RWP), with the layout shown in Figure 8, which is connected to the west coast of Denmark (receiver of the electricity price signal DK1 in Nordpool).…”

“…As discussed previously, in the zero‐subsidy era, wind power will affect and be affected by variable electricity prices 19 . In order to serve to the objectives of the showcases, energy scenarios are simulated for 2020 and 2030 based on, References 4,105,107 with 2012 as the meteorological year. More information on the scenario investment optimization methodology can be found in.…”

“…In the showcases, the balancing tool chain developed by DTU Wind Energy 4 is used to analyze the market and balancing operation on the defined scenarios. Based on the scenarios, unit commitment is simulated for these large power systems not only considering unit operational constraints, but also operational planning constraints, such as yearly hydro scheduling, scheduled maintenance, heating constraints, and so forth 107 . It should be noted that in these simulations all the wind power generation is aggregated at market area level and considered as price maker.…”