David W. Darrow. Tsardom of Sufficiency, Empire of Norms: Statistics, Land Allotments, and Agrarian Reform in Russia, 1700–1921.

McDonald, Tracy

doi:10.1093/ahr/rhz790

The American Historical Review

2019

DOI: 10.1093/ahr/rhz790

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David W. Darrow. Tsardom of Sufficiency, Empire of Norms: Statistics, Land Allotments, and Agrarian Reform in Russia, 1700–1921.

Tracy McDonald

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“…The French colonial administration in neighboring New Caledonia, for example, modelled this procedure on experiences in Algeria, and the famous examples of the triangulation of India, as well as the case of the map making in New Spain, all give ample evidence of a coproduction of land measurements. For example, it was Acolhua metrology that underlined the distribution of cédulas in South American conquests (Edney 2009(Edney [1997; Mundy 2000;Aguilar-Robledo 2009;Darrow 2018;Jorge 2011;Huber 2020). However, as Kapil Raj has shown, the local workforce of the pundits should be seen as a particular class of savants or experts, which were sent out by the survey of India, rather than as peasants measuring their own plots (Raj 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

Formative encounters: Colonial data collection on land and law in German Micronesia

Echterhölter

2021

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Argument Data collections are a hallmark of nineteenth-century administrative knowledge making, and they were by no means confined to Europe. All colonial empires transferred and translated these techniques of serialised and quantified information gathering to their dominions overseas. The colonial situation affected the encounters underlying vital statistics, enquête methods and land surveying. In this paper, two of those data collections will be investigated—a survey on land and a survey on indigenous law, both conducted around 1910 on the Micronesian island of Pohnpei, which had fallen under German colonial influence a decade earlier. Strikingly, there are no enumerators or envoys of the state visiting the doorsteps of Pohnpei. To facilitate the data collection on homesteads, the whole population of the island was called upon to measure their respective plots of land themselves, without resorting to certified land surveyors. The preserved cadastral lists and spreadsheets testify to a rather peculiar contact between the colonizing administration and the colonized peoples. I argue that the production of data made encounters necessary, which are best observed though a methodological focus on data practices. I argue, furthermore, that the Pohnpeians were prompted during the surveys to define their homestead in new terms. This did not only entail new two-dimensional plots but also a new regime of private property. The change in the legal concept can be seen as a continuation of colonial violence by other means, given that it happened in the aftermath of the defeated Pohnpei Rebellion. The argument of the paper is, therefore, that data collection can have formative effects on society, and that measurement and quantified information are often, as Witold Kula argued, a scene of conflict. At its core, the installation of these metric regimes signified a change in patterns of justification, resource management and the unwritten constitution of the Pacific island.

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confidence: 99%

Formative encounters: Colonial data collection on land and law in German Micronesia

Echterhölter

2021

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Isis Current Bibliography of the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences 2022

Neu¹

2022

Isis

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Peasants in self-government bodies in the second half of the XIX and early XX century (based on the materials of Vyatka province)

Subbotina

2020

Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology

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The article aims to study the problem of peasants participation in the bodies of rural, volost (parish), and Zemstvo self-government in the 18601910-ies. It uses new documents from the funds of the Vyatka Governor Office and the Vyatka Provincial Presence of the Central State Archive of the Kirov Region. The article notes the important role of the abolition of serfdom and land reform in changing the forms of peasants social activity. The author concludes that the peasants had a common approach to rural and Zemstvo elections. The composition of the population of Vyatka province also influenced the election results. The article particularly examines the territorial (zemsky) district chiefs reports, the elected officials petitions, and state that the majority of peasants perceived public service as a heavy duty that distracts from agricultural labor. Therefore, peasants preferred middle-aged candidates had a profitable farm. Such householders might not be literate, but they used their life and business experience in public service and did not harm their household. The article analyzes the composition and journals of Zemstvo assemblies and comes to the conclusion that such peasants were interested in social activities. Long-term service in various Zemstvo positions, defending their point of view during meetings of Zemstvo assemblies are evidence of this interest. The author examines archival documents and notes the patronizing attitude of territorial (zemsky) district chiefs and other local administrative officials towards the peasantry. They used constant communication and good knowledge of the peasants in organizing the elections.

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David W. Darrow. Tsardom of Sufficiency, Empire of Norms: Statistics, Land Allotments, and Agrarian Reform in Russia, 1700–1921.

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Formative encounters: Colonial data collection on land and law in German Micronesia

Formative encounters: Colonial data collection on land and law in German Micronesia

Isis Current Bibliography of the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences 2022

Peasants in self-government bodies in the second half of the XIX and early XX century (based on the materials of Vyatka province)

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