Dating violence among school students in Tanzania and South Africa: Prevalence and socio-demographic variations

Abstract

DV is prevalent and widespread in the study sites. Violence control policies and interventions should target young adolescents. Since there was not one clearly defined subgroup identified as being at high risk, such programmes should not be limited to high risk groups only.

Intimate partner violence in early adolescence: The role of gender, socioeconomic factors and the school

“…[2] Those experiencing IPV may present to healthcare services with physical injury, [3] depression, or suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. [4] Studies worldwide have shown that physical, psychological and sexual violence vary widely across countries and have been reported in 10 -50% of relationships for individuals aged up to 19 years, including in the USA, India, Nigeria, China, [5] the UK, [6,7] Tanzania [8] and South Africa (SA). [5,8,9] Most studies have reported that psychological violence is most common, followed by physical violence and then sexual violence.…”

“…[4] Studies worldwide have shown that physical, psychological and sexual violence vary widely across countries and have been reported in 10 -50% of relationships for individuals aged up to 19 years, including in the USA, India, Nigeria, China, [5] the UK, [6,7] Tanzania [8] and South Africa (SA). [5,8,9] Most studies have reported that psychological violence is most common, followed by physical violence and then sexual violence. [10,11] Risk factors for perpetration and victimisation of IPV in adolescent relationships also vary between countries, and associations with higher age, [12] not being raised by a biological mother, [11] higher maternal education, [8] substance use, particularly alcohol, [9,11,13] previous maltreatment, violence in the home and aggressive peer networks, [10] especially at school, [13] and attitudes supportive of male superiority, [6,9] and for girls having an older partner, [8,10] have been reported.…”

“…[5,8,9] Most studies have reported that psychological violence is most common, followed by physical violence and then sexual violence. [10,11] Risk factors for perpetration and victimisation of IPV in adolescent relationships also vary between countries, and associations with higher age, [12] not being raised by a biological mother, [11] higher maternal education, [8] substance use, particularly alcohol, [9,11,13] previous maltreatment, violence in the home and aggressive peer networks, [10] especially at school, [13] and attitudes supportive of male superiority, [6,9] and for girls having an older partner, [8,10] have been reported. Protective factors include religion, [8] holding prosocial beliefs, [13] and parental monitoring for boys, and for girls with no family conflict.…”

“…[10,11] Risk factors for perpetration and victimisation of IPV in adolescent relationships also vary between countries, and associations with higher age, [12] not being raised by a biological mother, [11] higher maternal education, [8] substance use, particularly alcohol, [9,11,13] previous maltreatment, violence in the home and aggressive peer networks, [10] especially at school, [13] and attitudes supportive of male superiority, [6,9] and for girls having an older partner, [8,10] have been reported. Protective factors include religion, [8] holding prosocial beliefs, [13] and parental monitoring for boys, and for girls with no family conflict. [13] The evidence is equivocal for disadvantaged background [6][7][8]11,12] and gender, especially in this very young age group, with some studies saying that experiencing violence may be more common for males [8] and others for females.…”

“…Protective factors include religion, [8] holding prosocial beliefs, [13] and parental monitoring for boys, and for girls with no family conflict. [13] The evidence is equivocal for disadvantaged background [6][7][8]11,12] and gender, especially in this very young age group, with some studies saying that experiencing violence may be more common for males [8] and others for females. [6,9,12] The most severe consequences of IPV nevertheless show a clear gender difference, worldwide [1,2] and particularly in SA, which has the highest reported rate of intimate femicide in the world.…”