Dating of Greenland Ice Cores by Flow Models, Isotopes, Volcanic Debris, and Continental Dust

Hammer, C. U.; Clausen, Henrik; Dansgaard, W.; Gundestrup, N.; Johnsen, S. J.; Reeh, Niels

doi:10.1017/s0022143000021183

Cited by 261 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These results are consistent with the well known observation that Wisconsinan (glacial) ice has a much greater dust load than Holocene (current interglacial) ice (Hammer et al, 1978;Ram and Koenig, in press).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Eleven year cycle of dust concentration variability observed in the dust profile of the GISP2 Ice core from central Greenland: Possible solar cycle connection

Ram

Stolz

Koenig

1997

Geophysical Research Letters

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Eleven year cycle of dust concentration variability observed in the dust profile of the GISP2 Ice core from central Greenland: Possible solar cycle connection

Ram

Stolz

Koenig

1997

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…At the 100-year scale, additional information can be deduced from the sulfate concentration profile determined for the same location [Delmas and Boutron, 1980], which shows a well-defined peak starting at a depth of 8.40 m from the snow surface. Such high sulfate values correspond to the signature of major volcanic events detected in deposited snow in Greenland [Hammer et al, 1978], as well as in Antarctica [Delmas and Boutron, 1980], for the Mont Agung eruption (1963), for example. In the studied case at Dome C the suggested volcanic event would be the 1883 Krakatoa eruption implying a 3.6 g cm -2 yr -• mean accumulation value, well in agreement with the lead 210 and the reinterpreted stratigraphic data ( Table 2).…”

Section: Summary Of the Results Concerning The Accumulation Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

A detailed study of snow accumulation and stable isotope content in Dome C (Antarctica)

Petit¹,

Jouzel²,

Pourchet³

et al. 1982

J. Geophys. Res.

115

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Snow samples have been taken in the Dome C area in order to study the variations of the accumulation rate and of the stable isotope content over the last century. Stake observations indicate a large spatial variability of the accumulation rate at a 1‐year scale (σs = 2.6 g cm−2 yr−1 for a mean value ā = 3.6 g cm−2 yr−1). The depth of the 1965 and 1955 layers determined from beta radioactivity measurements in 19 sites lets us deduce that the spatial variability becomes small at a 10‐year scale (σs = 0.3 g cm−2 yr−1), showing that the snow collected at one point is well representative of the fallen precipitation over this period. The rate of snow accumulation since 1965 is about 30% higher than during the 1955–1965 period. This conclusion is supported by measurements over a large geographical sector of East Antarctica. Shorter‐term changes of the snow accumulation have been studied by various means and in particular from detailed deuterium content profiles; by comparing with the beta and tritium radioactivity determinations it is shown that the deuterium variations do not allow us to obtain a seasonal record. In such a low‐accumulation area, different mechanisms (such as smoothing of the isotopic signal, roughness of the surface, irregularity of the accumulation) which may disturb the short‐term record are discussed. The interpretation of stratigraphie observations is not straightforward. However, it was possible to obtain a calibration down to the 1955 layer, which allows us to offer a dating of the snow layers over the last century. The mean accumulation so obtained (3.7 g cm−2 yr−1) is in good agreement with the value (3.6±0.5) deduced from lead 210 measurements. Geographical changes of the mean deuterium content are relatively small, showing that at a 10‐year scale the isotopic signal is well representative of the mean deuterium content of the precipitation. This ensures that the smoothed (10‐year running mean values) deuterium profile obtained over the last 160 years provides a good indication of the temperature secular trend in the Dome C area.

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“…Many constituents in the ice cores show strong annual cycles that allow absolute dating of the Greenland icecores (Hammer et al, 1978). The early Holocene cold event (Karlé n, 1973(Karlé n, , 1976 was absolutely dated in the Dye-3 core to 8170 yr BP (Hammer et al, 1986) mainly by using a very strong annual isotope cycle.…”

Section: The Greenland Ice-core Chronologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen isotope and palaeotemperature records from six Greenland ice‐core stations: Camp Century, Dye‐3, GRIP, GISP2, Renland and NorthGRIP

Johnsen

Dahl-Jensen

Gundestrup

et al. 2001

J Quaternary Science

1,014

791

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Oxygen isotope variations spanning the last glacial cycle and the Holocene derived from ice-core records for six sites in Greenland (Camp Century, Dye-3, GRIP, GISP2, Renland and NorthGRIP) show strong similarities. This suggests that the dominant influence on oxygen isotope variations reflected in the ice-sheet records was regional climatic change. Differences in detail between the records probably reflect the effects of basal deformation in the ice as well as geographical gradients in atmospheric isotope ratios. Palaeotemperature estimates have been obtained from the records using three approaches: (i) inferences based on the measured relationship between mean annual ␦ 18 O of snow and of mean annual surface temperature over Greenland; (ii) modelled inversion of the borehole temperature profile constrained either by the dated isotopic profile, or (iii) by using Monte Carlo simulation techniques. The third of these approaches was adopted to reconstruct Holocene temperature variations for the Dye 3 and GRIP temperature profiles, which yields remarkably compatible results. A new record of Holocene isotope variations obtained from the NorthGRIP ice-core matches the GRIP short-term isotope record, and also shows similar long-term trends to the Dye-3 and GRIP inverted temperature data. The NorthGRIP isotope record reflects: (i) a generally stronger isotopic signal than is found in the GRIP record; (ii) several short-lived temperature fluctuations during the first 1500 yr of the Holocene; (iii) a marked cold event at ca. 8.2 ka (the '8.2 ka event'); (iv) optimum temperatures for the Holocene between ca. 8.6 and 4.3 ka, a signal that is 0.6‰ stronger than for the GRIP profile; (v) a clear signal for the Little Ice Age; and (vi) a clear signal of climate warming during the last century. These data suggest that the NorthGRIP stable isotope record responded in a sensitive manner to temperature fluctuations during the Holocene.

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Dating of Greenland Ice Cores by Flow Models, Isotopes, Volcanic Debris, and Continental Dust

Cited by 261 publications

References 25 publications

Eleven year cycle of dust concentration variability observed in the dust profile of the GISP2 Ice core from central Greenland: Possible solar cycle connection

Eleven year cycle of dust concentration variability observed in the dust profile of the GISP2 Ice core from central Greenland: Possible solar cycle connection

A detailed study of snow accumulation and stable isotope content in Dome C (Antarctica)

Oxygen isotope and palaeotemperature records from six Greenland ice‐core stations: Camp Century, Dye‐3, GRIP, GISP2, Renland and NorthGRIP

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