Dating of erosion surface and terraces in the eastern Qilian Shan, northwest China

Pan, Baotian; Gao, Hongshan; Wu, Guangjian; Li, Jijun; Li, Bingyuan; Ye, Yuguang

doi:10.1002/esp.1390

Cited by 58 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…(5) is that longitudinal profiles of stream channels must attain or be close to an equilibrium condition where erosion and rock uplift are in balance. In the eastern part of the Qilian Mountain, river terrace studies [16] reveal that rates of incision have been relatively constant since 0.8 Ma, suggesting that channels in the eastern Qilian Mountain have attained a balance against differential rock uplift [42]. Although similar data are rather limited for the rest of the study area, almost all channels have smooth concave-up longitudinal profiles ( Figure 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In the eastern Qilian Mountain, previous investigations of river terraces [16] suggest a uniform uplift rate of around ~0.1 mm/a since 0.8 Ma. In this area, the 23 studied channels (channels 1-23) are underlain by three different rock assemblages (Ordovician low-grade metasedimentary rocks, Cambrian volcanics and metasedimentary rocks, and Caledonian granite).…”

Section: Lithologymentioning

confidence: 89%

“…These regions are underlain by similar Caledonian granite bedrock and receive approximately the same annual precipitation, yet channels in these two regions have strikingly different steepness indices (Figure 4(c)). Channels in the west (channels 61-66) are twice as steep as the channels in the east (channels [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. This indicates that there must be other factors that control the channel steepness.…”

Section: Lithologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the lower uplift region, the eastern Qilian Mountain, river terrace studies reveal a lower incision rate of about 0.1 mm/a [16], which is significantly lower than that of 0.6-0.9 mm/a [44] west of the Yumu Shan and ~0.8 mm/a [15] near Yumen in the west. Fault scarp studies also reveal high [15,16,44]; vertical slip rates of faults are referenced to [12,12,45]. (b) Channel steepness data of the 84 studied channels and average values of two sections.…”

Section: Rock Uplift Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Active deformation within the Qilian Mountain, however, is recognized along numerous thrust faults, and slip rates along these structures have been estimated by dating of geomorphic surfaces [12][13][14]. In addition, studies of river incision rates [15,16] also supply important controls on regional rock uplift rates. Although these data provide important constraints on rates of vertical motion within the Qilian Mountain, such studies are limited in their spatial extent.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial differences in rock uplift rates inferred from channel steepness indices along the northern flank of the Qilian Mountain, northeast Tibetan Plateau

Pan

Kirby

et al. 2010

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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The rate and distribution of deformation along the Qilian Mountain, on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, is needed to understand the evolution of high topography associated with the plateau. Recently, a number of empirical studies have provided support for the contention, common to most models of fluvial incision, that rock uplift rate exerts a first-order control on the gradient of longitudinal river profiles. Along the northern Qilian Mountain, this method is used to extract information about the spatial patterns of differential rock uplift. Analysis of the longitudinal profiles of bedrock channels reveals systematic differences in the channel steepness index along the trend of the frontal ranges. Local comparisons of channel steepness reveal that lithology and precipitation have limited influence on channel steepness. Similarly, there is little evidence suggesting that channel steepness is influenced by differences in the sediment loads. We argue that the distribution of channel steepness in the Qilian Mountain is mostly the result of differential rates of rock uplift. Thus, channel steepness indices reveal a lower rock uplift rate in the eastern portion of the Qilian Mountain and a higher rate in the middle and west. The highest rates appear to occur in the middle-west portions of the range, just to the west of the Yumu Shan. Qilian Mountain, stream power erosion model, channel steepness, rock uplift rate, river profile Citation: Hu X F, Pan B T, Kirby E, et al. Spatial differences in rock uplift rates inferred from channel steepness indices along the northern flank of the Qilian Mountain, northeast Tibetan Plateau.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Lithologymentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Lithologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rock Uplift Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial differences in rock uplift rates inferred from channel steepness indices along the northern flank of the Qilian Mountain, northeast Tibetan Plateau

Pan

Kirby

et al. 2010

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Rates and kinematics of active shortening along the eastern Qilian Shan, China, inferred from deformed fluvial terraces

Pan

Kirby

et al. 2015

Tectonics

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In the eastern Qilian Shan, a flight of fluvial terraces developed along the Jinta River valley are deformed across the Nanying anticline. Four individual fluvial terraces are preserved at different elevations above the river, and higher terrace treads are draped by systematically thicker aeolian loess. Optically stimulated luminescence dating of deposits at the base of the loess provides constraints on the timing of surface abandonment; terraces were abandoned at 69 ± 4 ka B.P. (T4), 57 ± 4 ka B.P. (T3), and between 34 ± 3 ka B.P. (T2), respectively. Differential GPS measurement of the terrace profile across the anticline allows reconstruction of subsurface fault geometry; we model terrace deformation above a listric thrust fault with a tip line at 2.2 ± 0.1 km depth and whose dip shallows systematically to 23 ± 3°at depth of 5.8 ± 1.1 km. Combining terrace ages with this model of fault geometry, we estimate a shortening rate of 0.8 ± 0.2 mm/a across the Nanying fold and a shortening rate of~0.1 mm/a across the mountain front fault since~70 ka B.P. This rate suggests that the frontal fault system along the eastern Qilian Shan accomplishes crustal shortening at rates of approximately 0.9 ± 0.3 mm/a during late Pleistocene time. 10.1002/2015TC003978Key Points:• Fluvial terraces are deformed across the range front of the eastern Qilian Shan • Terrace deformation constrains fault geometry and displacement • Chronology of terrace deposits constrains slip rates of~1 mm/yr

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Landscape response to tectonic and climatic forcing in the foredeep of the southern Apennines, Italy: insights from Quaternary stratigraphy, quantitative geomorphic analysis, and denudation rate proxies

Gioia

Gallicchio

Moretti

2014

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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We present new data about the morphological and stratigraphic evolution and the rates of fluvial denudation of the Tavoliere di Puglia plain, a low-relief landscape representing the northernmost sector of the Pliocene-Pleistocene foredeep of the southern Apennines. The study area is located between the easternmost part of the southern Apennine chain and the Gargano promontory and it is characterized by several orders of terraced fluvial deposits, disconformably overlying lower Pleistocene marine clay and\ud organized in a staircase geometry, which recorded the emersion and the long-term incision history of this sector since mid-Pleistocene times. We used the spatial and altimetric distribution of several orders of middle to late Pleistocene fluvial terraces in order to perform paleotopographic reconstruction and GIS-aided eroded volumes estimates. Then, we estimated denudation rates on the basis of the terraces chronostratigraphy, supported by published OSL and AAR dating. Middle to upper Pleistocene denudation rates estimated by means of such an approach are slightly lower than 0.1mmyr-1, in good agreement with short-term data from direct and indirect evaluation of suspended sediment yield. The analysis of longitudinal river profiles using the streampower erosionmodel provided additional information on the incision rates of the studied area. Middle to late Quaternary uplift rates (about 0.15 mmyr-1), calculated on the basis of the elevation above sea level of marine deposits outcropping in the easternmost sector of the study area, are quite similar to the erosion rates average value, thus suggesting a steady-state fluvial incision. The approach adopted in thiswork has demonstrated that erosion rates traditionally obtained by quantitative geomorphic analysis and ksn estimations can be successfully integrated to quantify rates of tectonic or geomorphological processes of a landscape approaching steady-state equilibrium

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Dating of erosion surface and terraces in the eastern Qilian Shan, northwest China

Cited by 58 publications

References 37 publications

Spatial differences in rock uplift rates inferred from channel steepness indices along the northern flank of the Qilian Mountain, northeast Tibetan Plateau

Spatial differences in rock uplift rates inferred from channel steepness indices along the northern flank of the Qilian Mountain, northeast Tibetan Plateau

Rates and kinematics of active shortening along the eastern Qilian Shan, China, inferred from deformed fluvial terraces

Landscape response to tectonic and climatic forcing in the foredeep of the southern Apennines, Italy: insights from Quaternary stratigraphy, quantitative geomorphic analysis, and denudation rate proxies

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