Date Palm Tissue Culture: A Pathway to Rural Development

Rajmohan, K.

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-1318-5_3

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The date palm is commonly propagated by two methods: sexual and asexual. In simple words, using the sexual method the date palm is grown from a seed, whereas in the asexual method it is propagated by an offshoot which usually appears on the trunk near the base of the tree (El Hadrami and El Hadrami 2009: 196; Omar et al 1992: 472–3; Rajmohan 2011: 31). Finally, the appearance of the trunk may vary depending on the tree's variety.…”

Section: The Date Palm: Basic Morphological Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

DATE PALM AND DATE PALM INFLORESCENCES IN THE LATE URUK PERIOD (C.3300 B.C.): BOTANY AND ARCHAIC SCRIPT

Paszke¹

2019

Iraq

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The earliest evidence suggesting the human utilisation of wild date palm fruits in the Near East is dated to the sixth and fifth millennia B.C. Despite the lack of archaeological data, it is commonly believed that at the end of the Late Uruk period (c. 3300–3100 B.C.) the Sumerians established the first date palm plantations. Nevertheless, this belief has never been well-proven by any scientific data, which makes this issue open to debate. This article points to the images of the date palm known from the pictographic script from Uruk as an important source of botanical data—a concept which has never been discussed in the literature—and elaborates on the phenotypic traits of the Phoenix dactylifera L. discernible there. It aims to establish the level and condition of horticultural knowledge of the cultivators of the date palm tree in the late fourth millennium B.C.Many of the botanical traits found on the date palm pictographs are noteworthy, especially where the morphology of the crown, trunk, and root zone are concerned. Most importantly, the identification of pictographs representing date palm inflorescences prompts us to the conclusion that the Sumerians discovered the dioecious nature of the Phoenix dactylifera L., selecting the staminate inflorescences to pollinate female trees by at least c. 3300 B.C. The discovery of this method of artificial fertilization was a turning point in Mesopotamian agriculture since it enabled farmers to obtain a better crop while economizing on space and labour, constituting the beginning of the date palm plantations that are still such a feature of present-day Iraq.

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Section: The Date Palm: Basic Morphological Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

DATE PALM AND DATE PALM INFLORESCENCES IN THE LATE URUK PERIOD (C.3300 B.C.): BOTANY AND ARCHAIC SCRIPT

Paszke¹

2019

Iraq

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“…Date palm micropropagation is an economical means to achieve rural development (Rajmohan, 2011). It has been proven that date palm micropropagation protocols have been developed and achieved commercial production (Hoop, 2000).…”

Section: Commercial Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numbers of cultivars are being developed and multiplied throughout the world. It has been reported that United Arab Emirates University developed micropropagation protocol for about 50 date palm cultivars (Rajmohan, 2011). In India Atul Rajasthan Date Palms Ltd, has mounted a project to grow tissue cultured plants in the desert area using appropriate cultivars.…”

Section: Commercial Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Date palm micropropagation: Advances and applications

Al-Khayri

Naik

2017

Ciênc. agrotec.

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Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a fruit tree resilient to adverse climatic conditions predominating in hot arid regions of the Middle East and North Africa. The date fruit contains numerous chemical components that possess high nutritional and medicinal values. Traditional propagation by offshoots is inefficient to satisfy current demands for date palm trees. Alternatively, micropropagation provides an efficient means for large-scale propagation of date palm cultivars. Both somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis, either directly or indirectly though the callus phase, have been demonstrated in date palm in vitro regeneration. Culture initiation commonly utilizes shoot-tip explants isolated from young offshoots. Recently, the immature inflorescences of adult trees were utilized as an alternative nondestructive source of explants. In addition to the nature of the explant used, successful plant regeneration depends on the cultivar, composition of the culture medium and physical status. Challenges of date palm micropropagation include long in vitro cycle, latent contamination, browning, somaclonal variation as well as ex vitro acclimatization and transplanting. A remarkable amount of research investigating these factors has led to optimized protocols for the micropropagation of numerous commercially important cultivars. This has encouraged the development of several international commercial tissue culture laboratories. Molecular characterization provides an assurance of genetic conformity of regenerated plantlets, a key feature for commercial production. This article describes date palm micropropagation protocols and also discusses recent achievements with respect to somaclonal variation, molecular markers, cryopreservation and future prospects.Index terms: Cryopreservation; somatic embryogenesis; somaclonal variation; organogenesis; molecular marker. RESUMOA tamareira (Phoenix dactylifera L.) é uma arvore frutífera adaptada à condições climáticas adversas predominantemente em regiões áridas do Oriente Médio e Norte Africano. As tâmaras possuem vários componentes químicos com alto valor medicinal e nutricional. A propagação tradicional por estacas não é suficiente para satisfazer a demanda por mudas e assim, a micropropagação apresenta-se como uma alternativa eficiente para a produção de mudas em larga escala. Embriogênese somática e organogênese, tanto direta quanto indireta via calos, tem sido usada para obter a regeneração in vitro de tamareira. O inicio do cultivo in vitro normalmente utiliza meristemas excisados de brotações jovens. Recentemente, inflorescências imaturas de árvores adultas são usadas como fonte alternativa de explantes não destrutiva. Além da origem do explante, o sucesso da regenerção depende do cultivar, da composição do meio de cultura e de condições físicas. Desafios na micropropagação de tamareira incluem um longo ciclo in vitro, contaminação, escurecimento do tecido, variação somaclonal além do enraizamento e aclimatização ex vitro. Diversos estudos investigando esses fatore...

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“…The main demerits of autoclaving are (i) huge costs on electricity (Chen, 2016) (ii) thermal destruction of compounds (Schenk et al, 1991) and (iii) moisture retention which attracts contamination after autoclaving (Pullaiah et al, 2017). Plant tissue culture techniques are considered as a productive small scale enterprise (Mascarenhas, 1999;Rajmohan, 2011), especially for the upliftment of rural places and rural women. It has also been recorded that there is a higher participation of women in the plant tissue culture industry (Reddy, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate: An eco-friendly chemical alternative for media autoclaving and explant sterilisation in plant tissue culture

Shetty¹,

Narasimhan²

2021

ijrps

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Autoclaving nutrient media is still considered as the optimum mode of sterilisation in plant cell and tissue culture. During the process steam under high pressure is maintained at 120 degrees Celsius, 15 psi for 15-20 minutes in a chamber, optimised to kill all possible microbial life forms. But the disadvantages related to the process of autoclaving are plentiful. They are, decrease in the media pH, salt precipitation, agar depolymerisation, carbohydrate hydrolysis, volatile obliteration and necessity of the infrastructure investment. Requirements of additional resources (time, human resources, electrical energy) have forced the lookout for a more viable alternative, that is, chemical sterilisation. The use of Sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) is a useful alternative for media and explant sterilisation. NaDCC is stable, water-soluble, non-toxic and easy to use at room temperature, does not have any environmental hazards and is not phytotoxic. The use of NaDCC as a disinfectant has been documented well concerning water sterilisation, surface sterilisation and also as a broad spectrum disinfecting agent. Disinfecting property of NaDCC is due to the hydrolytic release of chlorine, and this can be utilised for sterilisation of media and explants in plant tissue culture. NaDCC is a useful alternative for autoclaving at a concentration range of 0.05 to 1.0 g/l. However, only a few reports are available for its use as a sterilising agent for media and explants for in vitro cultures of plants. This paper discusses and reviews the possibility of establishing NaDCC as an active agent for explant sterilisation and as a viable alternative to medium sterilisation through autoclaving.

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Date Palm Tissue Culture: A Pathway to Rural Development

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

DATE PALM AND DATE PALM INFLORESCENCES IN THE LATE URUK PERIOD (C.3300 B.C.): BOTANY AND ARCHAIC SCRIPT

DATE PALM AND DATE PALM INFLORESCENCES IN THE LATE URUK PERIOD (C.3300 B.C.): BOTANY AND ARCHAIC SCRIPT

Date palm micropropagation: Advances and applications

Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate: An eco-friendly chemical alternative for media autoclaving and explant sterilisation in plant tissue culture

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