Database tools for modeling emissions and control of air pollutants from consumer products, cooking, and combustion

Howard-Reed, Cynthia; Polidoro, Brian J.

doi:10.6028/nist.ir.7364

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Indoor moisture sources and their generation rates were based on published data [ 27 ]. Indoor moisture sources included cooking, dishwashing, bathing, and both waking and sleeping occupants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the airborne survival of influenza virus in a residential setting: the impacts of home humidification

Myatt¹,

Kaufman²,

Allen³

et al. 2010

Environ Health

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BackgroundLaboratory research studies indicate that aerosolized influenza viruses survive for longer periods at low relative humidity (RH) conditions. Further analysis has shown that absolute humidity (AH) may be an improved predictor of virus survival in the environment. Maintaining airborne moisture levels that reduce survival of the virus in the air and on surfaces could be another tool for managing public health risks of influenza.MethodsA multi-zone indoor air quality model was used to evaluate the ability of portable humidifiers to control moisture content of the air and the potential related benefit of decreasing survival of influenza viruses in single-family residences. We modeled indoor AH and influenza virus concentrations during winter months (Northeast US) using the CONTAM multi-zone indoor air quality model. A two-story residential template was used under two different ventilation conditions - forced hot air and radiant heating. Humidity was evaluated on a room-specific and whole house basis. Estimates of emission rates for influenza virus were particle-size specific and derived from published studies and included emissions during both tidal breathing and coughing events. The survival of the influenza virus was determined based on the established relationship between AH and virus survival.ResultsThe presence of a portable humidifier with an output of 0.16 kg water per hour in the bedroom resulted in an increase in median sleeping hours AH/RH levels of 11 to 19% compared to periods without a humidifier present. The associated percent decrease in influenza virus survival was 17.5 - 31.6%. Distribution of water vapor through a residence was estimated to yield 3 to 12% increases in AH/RH and 7.8-13.9% reductions in influenza virus survival.ConclusionThis modeling analysis demonstrates the potential benefit of portable residential humidifiers in reducing the survival of aerosolized influenza virus by controlling humidity indoors.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the airborne survival of influenza virus in a residential setting: the impacts of home humidification

Myatt¹,

Kaufman²,

Allen³

et al. 2010

Environ Health

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“…Pandora is a very large free-access database for indoor pollutant emission rates [64], with more than 8000 emission rates from the literature classified by sources, including formaldehyde and PM 2.5 . Other databases were found such as the one developed in the EPEHCT project [65] and the NIST Database [66], including formaldehyde. In these databases, formaldehyde emission rates for common materials can be found with a large spread, as for example for gypsum board (Pandora: in range [0.3; 42] µg.h -1 .m -2 ) or fibreboard medium (NIST: in range [14; 640] µg.h -1 .m -2 , Pandora: [237 -320] µg.h -1 .m -2 ).…”

Section: Rates Obtained In Chamber-tested Loadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Precise data are not yet described in scientific studies. In addition, emission rates for common materials are available with a high variability and even within the same type of material emission properties can vary considerably, as shown by the diversity of values presented in the databases [64], [66] or as illustrated in [63] for the Fibreboard medium 1,2,3. Consequently, arbitrary choices must be made to establish input data (using databases such as Pandora) for a detailed IAQ modelling at the scale of a residential building, as shown by [74].…”

Section: Chamber-tested Loadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollutants emission scenarios for residential ventilation performance assessment. A review

Poirier

Guyot

Geoffroy

et al. 2021

Journal of Building Engineering

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“…These sources are provided for compatibility with the Material Emissions Database developed by the National Research Council Canada (NRCC) that is largely based on material emission test chamber data [Howard-Reed 2004 and2006].…”

Section: Nrcc Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is an empirically based model provided for compatibility with NRCC Material Emission Database [Howard-Reed 2004 and2006].…”

Section: Nrcc -Peak Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

CONTAM User Guide and Program Documentation Version 3.2

Dols¹,

Polidoro²

2015

125

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This manual describes the computer program CONTAM version 3.2, developed by NIST. CONTAM is a multizone indoor air quality and ventilation analysis program designed to help determine airflows, contaminant concentrations, and personal exposure in buildings. Airflows include infiltration, exfiltration, and room-to-room airflow rates and pressure differences in building systems, and can be driven by mechanical means, wind pressures acting on the exterior of the building, and buoyancy effects induced by temperature differences between zones, including the outdoors. Contaminant concentrations include the transport and fate of airborne contaminants, due to airflow, chemical and radio-chemical transformation, adsorption and desorption to building materials, filtration, and deposition to and resuspension from building surfaces. Personal exposure includes the exposure of building occupants to airborne contaminants, for eventual risk assessment.CONTAM can be useful in a variety of applications. Its ability to calculate building airflow rates and relative pressures between zones of the building is useful for assessing the adequacy of ventilation rates in a building, for determining the variation in ventilation rates over time, for determining the distribution of ventilation air within a building, for estimating the impact of envelope air-tightening efforts on infiltration rates, and for evaluating the energy impacts of building airflows. The program has also been used extensively for the design and analysis of smoke management systems. The prediction of contaminant concentrations can be used to determine the indoor air quality performance of buildings before they are constructed and occupied, to investigate the impacts of various design decisions related to ventilation system design and building material selection, to evaluate indoor air quality control technologies, and to assess the indoor air quality performance of existing buildings. Predicted contaminant concentrations can also be used to estimate personal exposure based on occupancy patterns. Version 2.0 contained several new features including: non-trace contaminants, practically unlimited number of contaminants, contaminant-related libraries, separate weather and ambient contaminant files, building controls, scheduled zone temperatures, improved solver to reduce simulation times and several user interface related features to improve usability. Version 2.1 introduced more new features including the ability to account for spatially varying external contaminants and wind pressures at the building envelope, more new control elements, particlespecific contaminant properties, total mass released calculations and detailed program documentation. Version 2.4 introduced two new deposition sink models, a one-dimensional convection/diffusion contaminant model for ducts and user-selectable zones, new contaminant filter models, control super nodes, super filters, a duct balancing tool, building pressurization and model validity tests and several other usability enhanceme...

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Database tools for modeling emissions and control of air pollutants from consumer products, cooking, and combustion

Cited by 5 publications

References 54 publications

Modeling the airborne survival of influenza virus in a residential setting: the impacts of home humidification

Modeling the airborne survival of influenza virus in a residential setting: the impacts of home humidification

Pollutants emission scenarios for residential ventilation performance assessment. A review

CONTAM User Guide and Program Documentation Version 3.2

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