“…(3,4) The current use of GPS, total stations, and 3D laser scanners as surveying equipment in tunnel construction sites has been attracting attention as a new technology to compensate for the disadvantages of the small amount of data and long measurement time of the total station. (5)(6)(7)(8) The total station scans the laser at the position to be surveyed, measures the distance using the phase difference of the laser reflected to the target, and then calculates the coordinates of the target using the measured distance and the angle at which the laser is shot. (9)(10)(11)(12)(13) Total station surveying takes a long time to acquire data, and there is a disadvantage that the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) needs to be able to receive satellites.…”