Data withholding in academic medicine: characteristics of faculty denied access to research results and biomaterials

Campbell, Eric G.; Weissman, Joel S.; Causino, Nancyanne; Blumenthal, David

doi:10.1016/s0048-7333(99)00068-2

Cited by 150 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…While the world of science is governed by search for first principles, emphasis on robust methods, peer review, reputation and openness, the world of business is driven by the intention to develop commercially feasible products and processes, search for profits, secrecy and knowledge and value capture to gain market competence and market share (Kenney, 1987;Pisano, 2006 Interestingly, academics with histories of commercial activities are more likely to be denied access to scientific data and information by others (Campbell et al, 2000), perhaps due to the fact that these entrepreneurial academics do not share knowledge freely with others. This implies that research dissemination may be harmed by industrial involvement, as researchers' publications might potentially be delayed or limited through contractual agreements with industrial partners or due to their own direct commercial activities.…”

Section: Research Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

How does working on university–industry collaborative projects affect science and engineering doctorates’ careers? Evidence from a UK research-based university

Lee¹,

Miozzo

2014

J Technol Transf

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This paper examines the impact of industrial involvement in doctoral projects on the particular nature of the training and careers of doctorates. We draw on an original survey of job histories of doctorates in physical sciences and engineering from a research-based university in the UK. Using multivariate probit analysis and linearised (robust) and resampling (jackknife) variance estimation techniques, we found that projects with industrial involvement are associated with higher degree of socialisation with industry. There is some evidence showing that these projects are also more likely to focus on solving firm-specific technical problems or developing firm-specific specifications/prototypes, rather than exploring high-risk concepts or generating knowledge in the subject areas. Crucially, these projects result in fewer journal publications. Not surprisingly, in line with existing literature, we found that engaging in projects with industrial involvement (in contrast to projects without industrial involvement) confers advantages on careers in the private sector. Nevertheless, there is also a hint that engaging in projects with industrial involvement may have a negative effect on careers in academia or public research organisations. While acknowledging that the modelling results are based on a small sample from a research-based university and that therefore the results need to be treated with caution, we address implications for doctorates, universities and policymakers.

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Section: Research Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

How does working on university–industry collaborative projects affect science and engineering doctorates’ careers? Evidence from a UK research-based university

Lee¹,

Miozzo

2014

J Technol Transf

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“…This figure grew to 8 percent when it turned to tangible inputs (information on recent experiments, new databases, gene's mutation details, algorithms, etc.). Difficulties in accessing research tools are also examined and confirmed by Campbell et al (2000). The surveys mentioned here above illustrate that the difficulties in accessing patented research tools are more due to competition between (university) research laboratories than to pure legal or financial constraints.…”

Section: The Academic Freedom Through Research Exemptionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Patents and academic research: a state of the art

Zeebroeck

Potterie

Guellec

2008

Journal of Intellectual Capital

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The sharp increase in academic patenting over the past 20 years raises important issues regarding the generation and diffusion of academic knowledge. Three key questions may be raised in this respect: What is behind the surge in academic patenting? Does patenting affect the quality and quantity of universities' scientific output? Does the patent system limit the freedom to perform academic research? The present paper summarizes the existing literature on these issues. The evidence suggests that academic patenting has only limited effects on the direction, pace and quality of research. A virtuous cycle seems to characterise the patent-publication relationship. Secondly, scientific anti-commons show very little effects on academic researchers so far, limited to a few countries with weak or no research exemption regulations. In a nutshell, the evidence leads us to conclude that the benefits of academic patenting on research exceed their potential negative effects. AbstractThe sharp increase in academic patenting over the past 20 years raises important issues regarding the generation and diffusion of academic knowledge. Three key questions may be raised in this respect: What is behind the surge in academic patenting? Does patenting affect the quality and quantity of universities' scientific output? Does the patent system limit the freedom to perform academic research? The present paper summarizes the existing literature on these issues. The evidence suggests that academic patenting has only limited effects on the direction, pace and quality of research. A virtuous cycle seems to characterise the patent-publication relationship. Secondly, scientific anti-commons show very little effects on academic researchers so far, limited to a few countries with weak or no research exemption regulations. In a nutshell, the evidence leads us to conclude that the benefits of academic patenting on research exceed their potential negative effects.

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“…Thus, there is evidence that the research agenda of researchers funded by industry tends to become more applied (Lam 2010) and prioritise certain types of research output. At the same time, industry funding appears to slow down or delay the diffusion of knowledge by imposing secrecy on the research findings or withholding information on the research process (Campbell et al 2000;Sismondo 2009). Confronted with these effects, it seems that researchers develop different coping strategies that consist in embracing the collaborative arrangement and its specific incentive structure due to a lack of outside options (Goldfarb 2008); actively counteracting the biasing effects of industrial funding (Murray 2010); or avoiding this type of collaboration altogether (Owen-Smith and Powell 2004).…”

Section: Targeting Changes In the Funding Of Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Funding Arrangements and the Production of Scientific Knowledge: Introduction to the Special Issue

Gläser

Velarde

2018

Minerva

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With this special issue, we would like to promote research on changes in the funding of the sciences, social sciences, and humanities. Since funding secures the livelihood of researchers and the means to do research, it is an indispensable condition for almost all research; as funding arrangements are undergoing dramatic changes, we think it timely to renew the science studies community's efforts to understand the funding of research. Changes in the governance of science have garnered considerable attention from science studies and higher education research; however, the impact of these changes on the conduct and content of research has not received sufficient attention, and theoretical insights into the connections between funding practices and research practices are few and far between. The aim of this special issue is to contribute to our theoretical understanding of the changing nature of research funding and its impact on the production of scientific knowledge. More specifically, we are interested in the interplay between funding and research practices: What is the impact of institutionalised funding arrangements on the production of scientific knowledge?

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Data withholding in academic medicine: characteristics of faculty denied access to research results and biomaterials

Cited by 150 publications

References 9 publications

How does working on university–industry collaborative projects affect science and engineering doctorates’ careers? Evidence from a UK research-based university

How does working on university–industry collaborative projects affect science and engineering doctorates’ careers? Evidence from a UK research-based university

Patents and academic research: a state of the art

Changing Funding Arrangements and the Production of Scientific Knowledge: Introduction to the Special Issue

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