Data reuse and the open data citation advantage

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Attribution to the original contributor upon reuse of published data is important both as a reward for data creators and to document the provenance of research findings. Previous studies have found that papers with publicly available datasets receive a higher number of citations than similar studies without available data. However, few previous analyses have had the statistical power to control for the many variables known to predict citation rate, which has led to uncertain estimates of the “citation boost”. Furthermore, little is known about patterns in data reuse over time and across datasets. METHOD AND RESULTS: Here, we look at citation rates while controlling for many known citation predictors, and investigate the variability of data reuse. In a multivariate regression on 10,555 studies that created gene expression microarray data, we found that studies that made data available in a public repository received 9% (95% confidence interval: 5% to 13%) more citations than similar studies for which the data was not made available. Date of publication, journal impact factor, open access status, number of authors, first and last author publication history, corresponding author country, institution citation history, and study topic were included as covariates. The citation boost varied with date of dataset deposition: a citation boost was most clear for papers published in 2004 and 2005, at about 30%. Authors published most papers using their own datasets within two years of their first publication on the dataset, whereas data reuse papers published by third-party investigators continued to accumulate for at least six years. To study patterns of data reuse directly, we compiled 9,724 instances of third party data reuse via mention of GEO or ArrayExpress accession numbers in the full text of papers. The level of third-party data use was high: for 100 datasets deposited in year 0, we estimated that 40 papers in PubMed reused a dataset by year 2, 100 by year 4, and more than 150 data reuse papers had been published by year 5. Data reuse was distributed across a broad base of datasets: a very conservative estimate found that 20% of the datasets deposited between 2003 and 2007 had been reused at least once by third parties. CONCLUSION: After accounting for other factors affecting citation rate, we find a robust citation benefit from open data, although a smaller one than previously reported. We conclude there is a direct effect of third-party data reuse that persists for years beyond the time when researchers have published most of the papers reusing their own data. Other factors that may also contribute to the citation boost are considered. We further conclude that, at least for gene expression microarray data, a substantial fraction of archived datasets are reused, and that the intensity of dataset reuse has been steadily increasing since 2003.

Research data management and openness

“…For others it is a political issue: withholding data generated with public funds is seen as undemocratic and it would be wrong to restrict access to a public good (Arzberger et al, 2004;Murray-Rust, 2008;Vision, 2010). A less altruistic argument is made that data sharing can increase a researcher's citation rate, whether by direct citations of the data or of the associated article (Brase, 2014;Pampel and Dallmeier-Tiessen, 2014;Piwowar and Vision, 2013).…”

Law, Development and Innovation

“…148 Cambon- Thomsen et al (2011, p. 503). 149 Caso and Ducato (2014). 150 Ankeny and Leonelli (2015).…”

Key components of data publishing: using current best practices to develop a reference model for data publishing

“…Benefits of data publishing need to be better communicated to researchers. In addition, stakeholders should disseminate the fact that formal data archiving results in greater numbers of papers and thus more science, as Piwowar and Vision, and Pienta et al [4,5] have shown. There should also be increased clarity with respect to institutional and funder recognition of the impact of research data.…”

“…Data release is not yet considered in a comprehensive manner in research evaluations and promotions, but enhancements and initiatives are under way within various funding and other research spaces to make such evaluations more comprehensive [3]. While there is still a prevailing sense that data carry less weight than published journal articles in the context of tenure and promotion decisions, recent studies demonstrate that when data are publicly available, a higher number of publications results [4,5].…”

“…3 http://www.genome.gov/10506376. 4 For example, the Antarctic Treaty Article III states that "scientific observations and results from Antarctica shall be exchanged and made freely available". http://www.ats.aq/e/ats_science.html.…”