Data replication mechanisms in the peer‐to‐peer networks

Abstract

Peer-to-peer (P2P) network is a distributed network in which nodes with similar capabilities exchange information with each other. Due to the nature of the P2P network distribution, numerous network message transformation is required to exchange the data between nodes over the network, which may increase access latency. Because of the high amount of the stored data in the P2P networks, the replication of data is very important. A large amount of data is handled using data replication to increase data access, reduce access latency, and increase data availability. This issue has an important role in the P2P networks, but there is no complete and systematic research in this field. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive study of data replication mechanisms in the P2P networks. The 1027 papers have been identified and have been reduced to 213 main studies using the paper selection process. Moreover, in this paper, the major advances are reviewed in four main groups (structured, unstructured, super-peer, and hybrid networks), and the new challenges are also highlighted. Moreover, the open issues and guidelines for future studies are presented.

Towards a Highly Available Model for Processing Service Requests Based on Distributed Hash Tables

“…The peer-to-peer systems and especially the DHTs, such as [9,11,12,33] have been introduced for quite some time, and have been the starting point for data sharing in distributed filesystems [1,19], but also for file sharing in home networks [43,44] or even in early IP telephony solutions [45]. Very recently, the DHTs have come into focus again, in storage and replication [6], in name resolution and resource lookup [2,3,13], but also in routing [15], and even in blockchain [2,3] design. Nevertheless, despite their very good quality to balance loads, a feature which derives from the properties of the hash function, the authors have not identified DHTs and peer-to-peer networks to be used in order to simplify and make more available services of data processing.…”

“…Since most of these identified characteristics, to influence a system's high availability, are very much related to not losing the data the system needs to process, and always obtaining the correct version of the data, this paper argues and stresses the fact that, a very good and highly available database to store the service's data is a must for obtaining a highly available service. Such a database must implicitly use good data replication mechanisms [6][7][8], for fault tolerance, which translates into decentralization, too, and in the need to use a large-scale distributed architecture for the physical infrastructure on which the data are stored.…”

A clustering‐based anonymization approach for privacy‐preserving in the healthcare cloud

“…40 Public Cloud: It includes a shared infrastructure, and the services of this system are provided by the Cloud Service Providers (CSPs). 41,42 In this model, EHRs are distributed among multiple organizations which are sensitive to various invasions and manipulations 43 because they are kept on servers under the CSPs' control. 44,45 Hybrid Cloud: This model is a combination of private and public clouds, which works separately and integrates with standard technologies simultaneously.…”

A new nano-design of 16-bit carry look-ahead adder based on quantum technology

“…Since the nano and micro technologies have received much attention recently [6][7][8][9], the utilization of nano-scale quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) technology enables the development of nano-scale circuits that transcend the conventional CMOS paradigm [10]. The QCA innovation overcomes the limitations of CMOS technology, particularly in achieving high density in a confined space, through the augmentation of transistor count and interconnectivity [11,12]. QCA technology employs Coulombic repulsion to transmit logical data between adjacent cells.…”