Data on the level of haloacetic acids in indoor swimming pools of Iran: A case study of Tehran

Dehghani, Mohammad Hadi; Farhang, Mansoureh; Zarei, Ahmad

doi:10.1016/j.dib.2018.05.004

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Trihalomethanes (THMs) make up a group of DBPs regulated in SPWs in some European countries with the MCL ranging between 20 and 100 μg/L . The existing literature shows that levels of HAAs in SPWs are several orders of magnitude higher than the MCL for drinking water and the MCL of THMs for SPWs. − For example, Dehghaniand and Farhang reported a maximum HAA concentration of 3488 μg/L. The maximum HAA concentration of 1906 μg/L has been reported in Singapore pools .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium-Induced Variation of Polyamide Membrane Behavior for the Treatment of Haloacetic Acids in Swimming Pool Waters

et al. 2020

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The co-presence of haloacetic acids (HAAs) and Mg 2+ in swimming pool waters and the potential interaction among Mg 2+ , HAAs, and membranes prompted a systematic investigation of membrane performance affected by Mg 2+ . The rejection behavior of the tight NF90 was not significantly affected by Mg 2+ due to the predominant role of size exclusion. For loose NF270, HAA rejection and water flux were reduced by 27% and 12%, respectively, after the addition of 5 mM Mg 2+ . The notable magnesium content in NF270 exposed in Mg 2+ indicated the binding of Mg 2+ to membranes. The interaction between Mg 2+ and membranes resulted in a less negatively charged and hydrophilic surface and a smaller effective pore radius for membranes. The reduction of the effective pore size by Mg 2+ was verified as a result of competing effects between "-COO − -induced conformational change" and "cation-induced pore shielding". The increased permeability for charged HAAs and NaCl in the presence of Mg 2+ was mainly attributed to charge neutralization, while the reduced permeability for neutral surrogates and water was due to the reduced effective pore size and hydrophilicity. The underlying mechanism for resolving the interaction among different divalent cations, trace contaminants, and polyamide membranes may have significant implications for practical water purification by membrane technologies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium-Induced Variation of Polyamide Membrane Behavior for the Treatment of Haloacetic Acids in Swimming Pool Waters

et al. 2020

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“…The water samples that collected for DBPs determine all kept in a dark glass bottles at the temperature of 4 °C until further assessment. Before sampling, approximately 2 mg of sodium thiosulfate was added to the bottles in order to neutralize residual chlorine [9] .…”

Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The potassium phosphate monobasic (KH 2 PO 4 ) and 1% sodium phosphate monobasic (Na 2 HPO 4 ), was used as a buffer to keep the pH to 4-5 and prevent HANs degradation. The water samples for DBPs determination were analyzed using a gas chromatograph based on the US EPA methods that was explained in Bahmani and Ghahramani and others studies [13] , [14] , [15] .…”

Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of disinfection by-products and fungal contamination data in public swimming pools: A case study in Gonabad, Iran

et al. 2019

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Existence of fungi and disinfection by-products (DBPs) in public swimming pools water are dangerous since it can seriously affect on health of swimmers. This data study aimed to determine the fungi contamination and DBPs concentration including trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), halamines and cyanogen halides and haloacetonitriles (HANs) of swimming pools (chlorine based) in Gonabad County, Iran. So, the fungal load and DBPs concentration were investigated in two swimming pools in the middle of spring of 2017 by collecting a number of 9 water samples and 9 samples of lateral facilities of each pool by membrane filtration technique and sterile carpet. The DBPs concentrations were measured by gas chromatograph technique. The results showed that the pools were contaminated with Dermatophyte (trichophyton mentagrophytes and epidermophyton flucosomes), yeasts, and more with opportunistic saprophytic fungi. 24.8%, 22.7%, 16.9%, and 11.4% saprophytic fungi were separated from pool side, locker room, pool water, and shower positions, respectively. 7.4% and 3.2% of yeast fungi as well as 0.23% and 0.2% of dentofacies of causative agents of tinea were separated from the pools water and showers as well as locker room and shower positions, respectively. According to the data, halamines and cyanogen halides had the highest concentrations, followed by HAAs, THMs and HANs respectively. Among the halamines and cyanogen halides, HAAs, THMs and HANs, trichloramine acid was the most dominant species, followed by trichloroacetic acid and dichloramine, respectively.

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“…In both the case of Cl 2 gas and EDS systems, DBP concentrations were below the quantification and maximum permitted legal limits (Brazilian Ministry of Health, 2011) (Table 2) both at the outlet point of the WTP and at the extremes of the distribution system. This result is extremely important as chlorination is known to produce chlorinated DBPs in many different environments (Dehghani, Farhang, & Zarei, 2018;Hrudey, 2009). However, authors demonstrate that the formation of DBPs in water disinfection is related to the characteristics of the raw water, such as type and organic matter present (Barrett, Krasner, & Amy, 2000;Rice & Gomez-Taylor, 1986).…”

Section: Disinfection By-productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full‐scale application of an electrochemical disinfection solution in a municipal drinking water treatment plant

Filho

Lenza

Tonhela

et al. 2021

Water & Environment J

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Few studies employ electrochemical technology for urban water disinfection. This paper presents the replacement of a Cl 2 gas system by an on-site chlorine generation system (electrochemical disinfectant solution, EDS) and application at a water treatment plant. The study compares the Cl 2 gas and EDS systems over 36 months, with 18 months for Cl 2 gas and, after the implementation, 18 months for the EDS system (12-month dry season and 6-month wet season). Turbidity, residual Cl 2 , pH, total and faecal coliforms and DBPs were monitored. Turbidity was within legal limits and DBPs below both legal limits and limits of detection. For Cl 2 gas, residual Cl 2 suffered a decrease in wet and dry periods. However, the EDS maintained residual Cl 2 to the network tips without significant variations, with operational costs reduced by $41%.The study demonstrates that on-site Cl 2 generation can be employed for water disinfection for large urban areas with considerable economic and technical advantages. K E Y W O R D S chlorine gas, disinfection, electrochemical disinfectant solution, urban water treatment, water treatment plant 1 | INTRODUCTION An important factor in sanitation policy is the handling of water for human consumption, ranging from collection, treatment and storage to distribution. The most used products for disinfection are chlorine based, such as chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ), various hypochlorite (ClO À ) forms and chlorine gas (Cl 2 ) itself (Abdullah et al., 2009). Chlorine for disinfection of drinking water has been widely used for more than 100 years, because it is low cost and presents residual disinfection capacity in the distribution systems, whereas other agents, such as ozone (O 3 ) or hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), do not present this capacity (Abdullah et al., 2009) and can also form toxic degradation byproducts (Ike, Lee, & Hur, 2019).Researchers have observed that disinfectant stability (concentration) in distribution network can depend on several factors, including line pressure, water quality, mains maintenance and disinfectant type (Blokker, Smeets, & Medema, 2014). In the case of Cl 2 in the distribution network, it has been observed that concentration decreases with distance from the original dosage point (Angulo et al., 2017). Therefore, at the exit point of the water treatment plant (WTP), the concentration is generally higher than at the extremes of the distribution system, as seen in the literature (Angulo, 2017;Fisher, Kastl, & Sathasivan, 2011). It has been reported that maintenance in the distribution system, during pipe opening, removal and substitution, may contribute to drinking water contamination by pathogens by permitting the entrance of contaminated materials (Blokker et al., 2014).

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Data on the level of haloacetic acids in indoor swimming pools of Iran: A case study of Tehran

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

Magnesium-Induced Variation of Polyamide Membrane Behavior for the Treatment of Haloacetic Acids in Swimming Pool Waters

Magnesium-Induced Variation of Polyamide Membrane Behavior for the Treatment of Haloacetic Acids in Swimming Pool Waters

Formation of disinfection by-products and fungal contamination data in public swimming pools: A case study in Gonabad, Iran

Full‐scale application of an electrochemical disinfection solution in a municipal drinking water treatment plant

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