“…Due to the complexity, there are relatively few works that are able to tackle this challenge. However, recently developed computational intelligence approaches for SNP-disease associations including genetic algorithms (Clark et al, 2005;Shah and Kusiak, 2004) neural networks (Ott, 2001;Motsinger et al, 2006aMotsinger et al, , 2006b, genetic programming (Moore and White, 2006a), evolutionary trees (Lam et al, 2000), evolutionary algorithms (Hubley et al, 2003) and various hybrid approaches, such as neural networks with genetic programming (Ritchie et al, 2003), genetic programming with multifactor dimensionality reduction (Moore and White, 2006b) and so on have demonstrated some promises, which we will summarise below.…”