Data Integrity Audit Scheme Based on Quad Merkle Tree and Blockchain

Liu, Zhenpeng; Ren, Lele; Feng, Yongjiang; Wang, Shuo; Wei, Jianhang

doi:10.1109/access.2023.3240066

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Therefore, a TPA does not know any additional information about the user's data. Liu, Zhenpeng, et al [78] have implemented a data integrity audit scheme that uses Blockchain instead of third-party auditors to ensure data audit reliability. Unlike the traditional binary hash tree, whose structure is linear and a large number of hash operations makes the processing speed unsatisfactory (which generates a large amount of storage overhead), they used a hash tree Quad Merkle that improves compute and storage efficiency.…”

Section: Auditing and Data Integritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain‐cloud integration: Comprehensive survey and open research issues

Ghanmi,

Hajlaoui,

Touati

et al. 2024

Concurrency and Computation

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SummaryCloud computing has attracted great interest in various scientific and technical fields recently as one of the widely adopted networking technologies. Despite their many benefits and applications, it still faces many security and trust challenges, including managing and controlling services, privacy, data integrity in distributed databases, data backup, and synchronization. Moreover, due to its centralized architecture, and lack of transparency and traceability, the results of the trust assessment cannot be fully recognized by all users. However, creating a trust‐based transaction environment has become its key factor. Blockchain, with its nature of decentralization and security, can be leveraged to address these challenges and build a distributed and decentralized trust architecture, due to the underlying characteristics such as transparency, traceability, decentralization, security, immutability, and automation. This article makes a comprehensive study of how blockchain is applied to deliver security services in the cloud computing model, focusing on up‐to‐date approaches, opportunities, and future directions. This survey also discusses the benefits of the technical fusion of blockchain and cloud. It provides a classification of proposed systems based on privacy, data sharing, authentication, and access control, as well as auditing and data integrity. Finally, the main conclusions of this study will be the challenges and future directions to stimulate further research in this promising field.

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Section: Auditing and Data Integritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain‐cloud integration: Comprehensive survey and open research issues

Ghanmi,

Hajlaoui,

Touati

et al. 2024

Concurrency and Computation

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“…Witanto [11] proposed a blockchain-based protocol for enhancing data integrity verification in cloud storage, aiming to increase sampling rates efficiently in multi-cloud environments while managing costs. Liu [12] introduced a blockchain-based auditing scheme for cloud storage that replaces traditional reliance on third-party auditors with a quad Merkle hash tree method and smart contracts to enhance data integrity verification's reliability and efficiency.  Blockchain: The blockchain, with its traceability, decentralization, and tamper-resistant features, ensures secure and transparent storage of auxiliary data involved in the scheme.…”

Section: Blockchain Based Data Integrity Verificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic verification of data integrity on cloud based on chameleon hash algorithm

Han,

Li,

Wang

et al. 2024

Third International Conference on Electronic Information Engineering and Data Processing (EIEDP 2024)

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With the rapid development of cloud storage technology, ensuring the integrity of data on cloud remains a significant challenge. This paper introduces an blockchain-based verification scheme, DVOD, to ensure transparent, efficient, and secure verification of the integrity of cloud storage data, in which data blocks are salted to generate tags with challenge numbers, the chameleon hash algorithm is then used to transform these tags into a series of generate leaf nodes for constructing a Merkle tree. Updating the salt in challenge-response while preserving the immutability of the Merkle tree. addresses the real-time data issue and the challenge-response solution's limited number of challenges, significantly enhancing efficiency compared to traditional schemes that reset salt after each verification. Comprehensive security analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of the scheme in defending against malicious entities targeting the system. Conducting experiments with other schemes show the DVOD has the substantial enhancements in computation and communication.

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