Data Fusion From Multidirectional Remanent Flux Leakage Transducers for Nondestructive Testing of Stress- and Fatigue-Loaded Steel Samples

Abstract

In this paper, stress-and fatigue-loaded ferromagnetic steel samples were evaluated using three different remanent flux leakage transducers. Giant magnetoresistive sensors were used as the pickup elements. Each transducer has its own integrated local magnetizing section, which allows us to magnetize the tested material in different directions. The defect detection dependency on angle, at which it occurs to the magnetizing field and sensing element, is minimized by gathering and then integrating the information from transducers. The performance of the transducers was verified using a steel plate (S355J2G3) with electro-discharge machined notches. Further experiments were carried out using fatigue-and stress-loaded steel samples.

Automatic defect recognition for pulsed terahertz inspection of basalt fiber reinforced composites

“…EEG) analysis (Boashash et al, 2015). Further increasing the probability of detection and the correct identification of defects can be achieved by applying additional inspection methods (thermal imaging, capacitive or ultrasonic methods) and then using data fusion techniques (Gros, 1997;Liu et al, 2007;Chady and Psuj, 2008…”

Utilization of Multisensor Data Fusion for Magnetic Nondestructive Evaluation of Defects in Steel Elements under Various Operation Strategies

“…It is frequently utilized for the inspection of pipelines or tubes [ 1 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 15 , 16 ], train wheels and axles or rail tracks [ 9 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], steel wire ropes [ 10 , 11 , 20 ], storage tanks [ 15 , 21 ], or steel construction elements [ 2 , 12 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. The method is suitable for detecting various types of surface, subsurface, and surface-breaking deeper defects in magnetic materials such as metal loss [ 2 , 10 , 11 , 20 ], fatigue damage cracks [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 8 , 9 , 16 ], pitting corrosion [ 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 ], or plastic deformation [ 1 , 15 , 24 , 25 ]. The relatively small dimensions of the detectors of leaking magnetic flux allow us to apply the method to examine both the external sides [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 9 , 10 , 11 ] of the tested objects and the internal sides such as the inner wall of a pipe or hollow axle [ 1 , ...…”

Observation of Material Degradation under Fatigue and Static Loading Condition Using Selected Electromagnetic NDT Methods

“…In case of the magnetic materials various testing techniques can be considered e.g. : leakage flux observations, Barkhausen effect, magnetoelastic methods, magnetoacoustic emission, macroscopic B-H curve measurement, eddy current and a laser speckle interferometry [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Previously, results of electromagnetic testing of stress loaded steel samples and observation of fatigue failures forming under cyclic dynamic loading were presented [1,2].…”