Data-Driven Emulation of Mobile Access Networks

Khatouni, Ali Safari; Trevisan, Martino; Giordano, Danilo

doi:10.23919/cnsm46954.2019.9012691

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…We make ERRANT open source and available to the community [9] to allow practitioners to test their applications and researchers to reproduce the results. This paper extends our preliminary work [10], where we already have shown the potentialities and limitations of using a data-driven emulator. We expanded our work from many points of view: (i) we now rely on a large-scale speed test measurement campaign; (ii) we provide a fully-fledged network emulator that models not only latency but also download and upload bandwidth; (iii) we show practical use cases to illustrate the benefits of our proposal in understanding the behavior of user applications with a particular focus on web browsing and video streaming; (iv) we provide an open source tool to emulate mobile networks in different operators, locations, and technologies.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…9 For our experiments, we consider three popular websites, chosen from the globally top-ranked in the Alexa ranking service, namely: Wikipedia, Google, and YouTube. 10 We then instrument Google Chrome to automatically visit the homepages of the selected websites using the Browsertime toolset. 11 In parallel, we use ERRANT to varying network conditions, using all the 32 profiles we built.…”

Section: Web Browsing Qoe Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ERRANT: Realistic emulation of radio access networks

2020

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Mobile devices drastically changed how people use the Internet. We use smartphones to access a heterogeneous catalog of web services such as news, social networks, audio/video streaming. Differently from wired connections, mobile networks do not offer the same kind of performance stability yet. Thus, service providers have to handle different network scenarios, e.g., 3G or 4G, while promising good end-users' quality of experience (QoE). To ensure that QoE is adequate, it is necessary to thoroughly test applications with a wide range of possible network conditions. For this, network emulation is of vital importance as it allows a tester to run experiments with a wide range of network conditions. However, when it comes to mobile networks, the variety of technical characteristics, coupled with the opaque network configurations, makes realistic emulation a challenging task. Most of the freely available emulation tools rely on a simple emulation, offering limited variability performances for each network condition.In this paper, we propose ERRANT, EmulatoR of Radio Access NeTworks, an open-source tool that emulates mobile networks with a high level of realism, following a data-driven approach. We use a large-scale dataset composed of 100 k speed test measurements collected from 4 network operators in 2 countries. We create 32 different network profiles based on different countries, operators, radio access technologies, and signal qualities. For each profile, we obtain both typical behavior and variability for latency, download and upload bandwidth. We use the profiles to create models by means of the Kernel Density Estimation. Then, ERRANT employs the tc-netem Linux tool and the models for emulation. In this way, ERRANT offers realistic network emulation, in which both typical behavior and network variability are accurately recreated.We validate ERRANT models with an independent dataset of HTTP downloads performed on the same mobile networks as of the profiles. Results show the effectiveness of ERRANT in the emulation of real mobile networks in terms of average behavior and obtained variability. We also show the limitations of a simple emulation, and of other freeware approaches versus ERRANT. Finally, we show two practical use cases to demonstrate the benefits of a dynamic emulation in understanding the performance of web browsing and video streaming. To run new measurement campaigns and create new models, we provide guidelines along with the required open-source code.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Web Browsing Qoe Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

ERRANT: Realistic emulation of radio access networks

2020

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“…This alternative communication method allows us to compare alternative communication approaches with the blockchain, either directly or via the MQTT middleware. A cellular network emulator was also employed [ 30 ], to provide a more realistic testing environment. This emulator consists of a NetEm (Network Emulator) [ 31 ] profile to emulate mobile data communications in 4G network environments with roaming.…”

Section: Experimental Evaluation Of the Proposed Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Security and Privacy for Mobile IoT Applications Using Blockchain

Carvalho

Granjal

2021

Sensors

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Internet of Things (IoT) applications are becoming more integrated into our society and daily lives, although many of them can expose the user to threats against their privacy. Therefore, we find that it is crucial to address the privacy requirements of most of such applications and develop solutions that implement, as far as possible, privacy by design in order to mitigate relevant threats. While in the literature we may find innovative proposals to enhance the privacy of IoT applications, many of those only focus on the edge layer. On the other hand, privacy by design approaches are required throughout the whole system (e.g., at the cloud layer), in order to guarantee robust solutions to privacy in IoT. With this in mind, we propose an architecture that leverages the properties of blockchain, integrated with other technologies, to address security and privacy in the context of IoT applications. The main focus of our proposal is to enhance the privacy of the users and their data, using the anonymisation properties of blockchain to implement user-controlled privacy. We consider an IoT application with mobility for smart vehicles as our usage case, which allows us to implement and experimentally evaluate the proposed architecture and mechanisms as a proof of concept. In this application, data related to the user’s identity and location needs to be shared with security and privacy. Our proposal was implemented and experimentally validated in light of fundamental privacy and security requirements, as well as its performance. We found it to be a viable approach to security and privacy in IoT environments.

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“…Work by [18] provides performance data for cellular networks in a range of conditions [18], and this was used to select representative parameters for tc. In order to assess the performance comparison in a range of conditions, ten different cases were selected.…”

Section: Network Condition Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to assess the performance comparison in a range of conditions, ten different cases were selected. These were drawn from a software implementation of the [18] dataset produced by [19]. The cases selected ranged from the theoretical 'best case' (where all devices were running on the same Local Area Network (LAN)) through to simulations of Fourth-Generation (4G) and Third-Generation (3G) cellular networks (which, in turn, ranged from 'good' to 'poor' signal strength).…”

Section: Network Condition Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of the Performance of the Secure Remote Update Protocol in Simulated Real-World Conditions

Poulter

Cox

2021

IoT

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This paper assesses the relative performance of the MQTT protocol in comparison to the Secure Remote Update Protocol (SRUP) in a number of simulated real-world conditions, and describes an experiment that has been conducted to measure the processing delay associated with the use of the more secure protocol. Experimental measurements for power consumption of the devices and the size of comparable TCP packets were also made. Analysis shows that the use of the SRUP protocol added an additional processing delay of between 42.92 ms and 51.60 ms—depending on the specific hardware in use. There was also shown to be a 55.47% increase in power consumption when running the secure SRUP protocol, compared with an MQTT implementation.

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Data-Driven Emulation of Mobile Access Networks

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

ERRANT: Realistic emulation of radio access networks

ERRANT: Realistic emulation of radio access networks

Security and Privacy for Mobile IoT Applications Using Blockchain

An Assessment of the Performance of the Secure Remote Update Protocol in Simulated Real-World Conditions

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