Data-Driven Design Support for Additively Manufactured Heating Elements

Hilbig, Karl; Nowka, M.; Redeker, Julian; Watschke, Hagen; Friesen, V.; Duden, Anna J.; Vietor, Thomas

doi:10.1017/pds.2022.141

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The orientation of the infill pattern has a significant impact on the resistivity [15] and current flow [1] within a layer. Infill patterns oriented at 0° or 90° can be used to achieve A significant effect of the distance parameter (L) on measured resistivity would be evident in a noticeable trend among the measurement results.…”

Section: Measurement Of the Resistivity Of Materials Extrusion Specimenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The orientation of the infill pattern has a significant impact on the resistivity [15] and current flow [1] within a layer. Infill patterns oriented at 0 • or 90 • can be used to achieve a uniform current distribution [1].…”

Section: Measurement Of the Resistivity Of Materials Extrusion Specimenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The material properties are influenced by the layered structure, resulting in strongly anisotropic properties. These are a challenge, especially for the mechanical and electrical component properties, but can also be utilized as a design flexibility through sufficient knowledge [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Influence of Process Parameters in Material Extrusion on Product Properties Using the Example of the Electrical Resistivity of Conductive Polymer Composites

Nowka,

Hilbig,

Schulze

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Additive manufacturing of components using the material extrusion (MEX) of thermoplastics enables the integration of multiple materials into a single part. This can include functional structures, such as electrically conductive ones. The resulting functional structure properties depend on the process parameters along the entire manufacturing chain. The aim of this investigation is to determine the influence of process parameters in filament production and additive manufacturing on resistivity. Filament is produced from a commercially available composite of polylactide (PLA) with carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbon black (CB), while the temperature profile and screw speed were varied. MEX specimens were produced using a full-factorial variation in extrusion temperature, layer height and deposition speed from the most and least conductive in-house-produced filament and the commercially available filament from the same composite. The results show that the temperature profile during filament production influences the resistivity. The commercially available filament has a lower conductivity than the in-house-produced filament, even though the starting feedstock is the same. The process parameters during filament production are the main factors influencing the resistivity of an additively manufactured structure. The MEX process parameters have a minimal influence on the resistivity of the used PLA/CNT/CB composite.

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Section: Measurement Of the Resistivity Of Materials Extrusion Specimenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurement Of the Resistivity Of Materials Extrusion Specimenmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of Process Parameters in Material Extrusion on Product Properties Using the Example of the Electrical Resistivity of Conductive Polymer Composites

Nowka,

Hilbig,

Schulze

et al. 2023

Polymers

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show abstract

“…To reduce contact resistance, two 2 mm wide strips of EMS#12640 silver paste were applied to each end of the sample. Colloidal silver paste is one of most used techniques to reduce the contact resistance of additively manufactured conductive structures [ 4 , 10 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. The voltage drop was measured with a Keithley 2460 Sourcemeter (Keithley Instruments, Solon, OH, USA) via the two inner measuring contacts at a distance of 42 mm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Manufacturing Process on the Conductivity of Material Extrusion Components: A Comparison between Filament- and Granule-Based Processes

Nowka,

Hilbig,

Schulze

et al. 2024

Polymers

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The additive manufacturing of components using material extrusion (MEX) enables the integration of several materials into one component, including functional structures such as electrically conductive structures. This study investigated the influence of the selected additive MEX process on the resistivity of MEX structures. Specimens were produced from filaments and granules of an electrically conductive PLA and filled with carbon nanotubes and carbon black. Specimens were produced with a full-factorial variation of the input variables: extrusion temperature, deposition speed, and production process. The resistivity of the specimens was determined by four-wire measurement. Analysis of the obtained data showed that only the extrusion temperature had a significant influence on the resistivity of the MEX specimens. Furthermore, the impact of the nozzle diameter was evaluated by comparing the results of this study with those of a previous study, with an otherwise equal experimental setup. The nozzle diameter had a significant influence on resistivity and a larger nozzle diameter reduced the mean variance by an order of magnitude. The resistivity was lower for most process parameter sets. As the manufacturing process had no significant influence on the resistivity of MEX structures, it can be selected based on other criteria, e.g., the cost of feedstock.

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“…Each sensor therefore had four contact points, as shown in Figure 1. These electrical connection points were treated with colloidal silver paste (type 12640; Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA, USA), which ensured a reliable contact [42]. The outer two contact points were contacted using pogo pins.…”

Section: Variable Name Experimental Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Parameters and Geometry Effects on Piezoresistivity in Additively Manufactured Polymer Sensors

et al. 2023

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The current work experimentally determined how the initial resistance and gauge factor in additively manufactured piezoresistive sensors are affected by the material, design, and process parameters. This was achieved through the tensile testing of sensors manufactured with different infill angles, layer heights, and sensor thicknesses using two conductive polymer composites. Linear regression models were then used to analyze which of the input parameters had significant effects on the sensor properties and which interaction effects existed. The findings demonstrated that the initial resistance in both materials was strongly dependent on the sensor geometry, decreasing as the cross-sectional area was increased. The resistance was also significantly influenced by the layer height and the infill angle, with the best variants achieving a resistance that was, on average, 22.3% to 66.5% lower than less-favorable combinations, depending on the material. The gauge factor was most significantly affected by the infill angle and, depending on the material, by the layer height. Of particular interest was the finding that increasing in the infill angle resulted in an increase in the sensitivity that outweighed the associated increase in the initial resistance, thereby improving the gauge factor by 30.7% to 114.6%, depending on the material.

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Data-Driven Design Support for Additively Manufactured Heating Elements

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Influence of Process Parameters in Material Extrusion on Product Properties Using the Example of the Electrical Resistivity of Conductive Polymer Composites

Influence of Process Parameters in Material Extrusion on Product Properties Using the Example of the Electrical Resistivity of Conductive Polymer Composites

Influence of Manufacturing Process on the Conductivity of Material Extrusion Components: A Comparison between Filament- and Granule-Based Processes

Process Parameters and Geometry Effects on Piezoresistivity in Additively Manufactured Polymer Sensors

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