Data collection protocols for VANETs: a survey

Abstract

We live in the era of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), which is an extension of Vehicular AdHoc Networks (VANETs). In VANETs, vehicles act as nodes connected with each other and sometimes with a public station. Vehicles continuously exchange and collect information to provide innovative transportation services; for example, traffic management, navigation, autonomous driving, and the generation of alerts. However, VANETs are extremely challenging for data collection, due to their high mobility and dynamic network topologies that cause frequent link disruptions and make path discovery difficult. In this survey, various state-of-the-art data collection protocols for VANETs are discussed, based on three broad categories, i.e., delay-tolerant, best-effort, and real-time protocols. A taxonomy is designed for data collection protocols for VANETs that is essential to add precision and ease of understandability. A detailed comparative analysis among various data collection protocols is provided to highlight their functionalities and features. Protocols are evaluated based on three parametric phases. First, protocols investigation based on six necessary parameters, including delivery and drop ratio, efficiency, and recovery strategy. Second, a 4-D functional framework is designed to fit most data collection protocols for quick classification and mobility model identification, thus eradicating the need to read extensive literature. In the last, in-depth categorical mapping is performed to deep dive for better and targeted interpretation. In addition, some open research challenges for ITS and VANETs are discussed to highlight research gaps. Our work can thus be employed as a quick guide for researchers to identify the technical relevance of data collection protocols of VANETs.

Data‐centric approaches in the Internet of Vehicles: A systematic review on techniques, open issues, and future directions

“…Gillani et al 19 provided a survey article by classifying well‐known protocols including delay‐tolerant, best‐effort, and real‐time approaches as the major data collection methods in VANETs. They investigated evaluation factors including delivery ratio, drop ratio, efficiency, and recovery solutions.…”

Clustering‐based routing protocol using gray wolf optimization and technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution algorithms in the vehicular ad hoc networks

“…The lower is the mobility of the nodes; the link quality and stability would be higher. The relationship between mobility of the link between two nodes is calculated based on Equation (3).…”

“…Recently, VANETs have gained immense attention. Due to the increasing trend of sensitive and inflexible applications of VANET with a crucial role in the safety of passengers and drivers, a real‐time and reliable routing scheme is essential 1‐3 . VANETs are able to give prior warning of traffic accidents, develop driving routes, intelligent traffic management and query road information.…”

“…Due to the increasing trend of sensitive and inflexible applications of VANET with a crucial role in the safety of passengers and drivers, a real-time and reliable routing scheme is essential. [1][2][3] VANETs are able to give prior warning of traffic accidents, develop driving routes, intelligent traffic management and query road information. Due to high mobility of nodes and frequent changes in VANET topology, providing an appropriate routing protocol for VANETs is a significant challenge.…”

Traffic Aware Data Gathering Protocol for VANETs

“…The main problem is that data collection in a real-time situation in denser traffic is a critical task when the road segments are fixed on a track. There must be a switching mechanism to improve the chances of communication while the vehicles are in silent segments in the most critical emergency scenarios [34].…”