“…Software contention effects, such as synchronization, simultaneous resource possession and blocking, can be easily described using QPNs [23]. In recent years, QPNs have been successfully used to model the performance of different types of software systems (e.g., component-based systems, event-based systems, database systems, computer networks, or multi-tenant systems [22,38,34,37,39], see 1 for more). The respective case studies use QPN models for the quantitative analysis of the performance and the scalability of a system under test.…”