Data center links beyond 100 Gbit/s per wavelength

Perin, Jose Krause; Shastri, Anujit; Kahn, Joseph M.

doi:10.1016/j.yofte.2017.12.006

Cited by 40 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Meeting such capacity demands is particularly challenging in short-range applications, where networks are subject to stringent cost constraints. This is the case, for instance, of high-speed optical interconnects (OIs) that enable connectivity between geographically distributed hyper-scale data-centers 2 , 3 . One of the critical elements of this type of system, both from the point of view of cost and performance, is the optical transmitter, on which the electro-optical modulator plays a fundamental role 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a silicon Mach–Zehnder modulator via deep learning and evolutionary algorithms

Aparecido de Paula,

Aldaya,

Sutili

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As an essential block in optical communication systems, silicon (Si) Mach–Zehnder modulators (MZMs) are approaching the limits of possible performance for high-speed applications. However, due to a large number of design parameters and the complex simulation of these devices, achieving high-performance configuration employing conventional optimization methods result in prohibitively long times and use of resources. Here, we propose a design methodology based on artificial neural networks and heuristic optimization that significantly reduces the complexity of the optimization process. First, we implemented a deep neural network model to substitute the 3D electromagnetic simulation of a Si-based MZM, whereas subsequently, this model is used to estimate the figure of merit within the heuristic optimizer, which, in our case, is the differential evolution algorithm. By applying this method to CMOS-compatible MZMs, we find new optimized configurations in terms of electro-optical bandwidth, insertion loss, and half-wave voltage. In particular, we achieve configurations of MZMs with a $$40~\text {GHz}$$ 40 GHz bandwidth and a driving voltage of $$6.25~\text {V}$$ 6.25 V , or, alternatively, $$47.5~\text {GHz}$$ 47.5 GHz with a driving voltage of $$8~\text {V}$$ 8 V . Furthermore, the faster simulation allowed optimizing MZM subject to different constraints, which permits us to explore the possible performance boundary of this type of MZMs.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a silicon Mach–Zehnder modulator via deep learning and evolutionary algorithms

Aparecido de Paula,

Aldaya,

Sutili

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In short intra-datacenter links, the format of the transmitted signals was usually the on-off keying (OOK), where intensity-modulation and direct-detection (IM-DD) ensured low cost and reduced complexity [5]. However, in 2014, OOK signal transmission reached its limit at the data rate of 25 Gb/s [6]. To surpass this limitation, four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) signal transmission has been deployed for DCI communications in 2017 with the target of improving data capacity [5,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To surpass this limitation, four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) signal transmission has been deployed for DCI communications in 2017 with the target of improving data capacity [5,7]. The PAM4 format doubles the spectral efficiency in comparison to OOK, and is expected to be an economical and efficient enabler of 100G and 400G single-channel transmission in intra-DCI and inter-DCI links [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To enable high data rate signal transmission in such long IM-DD inter-DCI links, chromatic dispersion (CD) should be mitigated using dispersion compensation techniques [6,30]. As simple electric dispersion compensation techniques, such as adaptive equalization performed with digital signal processing (DSP), are not effective due to the high values of CD found in inter-DCI links [6], the CD compensation (CDC) must be performed in the optical domain. In inter-DCI links, optical CDC is most commonly performed using dispersion compensating fibers (DCFs) [31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Outage Probability Due to Crosstalk from Multiple Interfering Cores in PAM4 Inter-Datacenter Connections

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this work, we propose to use four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) and multi-core fibers (MCFs) to support very high capacity datacenter interconnect (DCI) links. The limitations imposed by inter-core crosstalk (ICXT) on the performance of 112 Gb/s up to 80 km-long optically amplified PAM4 inter-DCI links with intensity-modulation and direct-detection and full chromatic dispersion compensation in the optical domain are analyzed through numerical simulation for high and low skew-symbol rate product (SSRP). With only one interfering core, we show that those PAM4 inter-DCI links achieve an outage probability (OP) of 10−4 with a maximum ICXT level of −13.9 dB for high SSRP and require an ICXT level reduction of about 8.1 dB to achieve the same OP for low SSRP. Due to using full dispersion compensation, for an OP of 10−4, the maximum acceptable ICXT level shows only a 1.4 dB variation with the MCF length increase from 10 km to 80 km. When considering the ICXT induced by several interfering cores, the maximum ICXT level per interfering core for an OP of 10−4 decreases around 3 dB when doubling the number of interfering cores. This conclusion holds for high and low SSRP regimes. For two interfering cores, we show that a single interfering core with low SSRP is enough to induce a severe reduction of the maximum acceptable ICXT level.

show abstract

Low-resolution Kramers-Kronig detection system with error-feedback noise shaping

Dong,

Yu,

Huang

et al. 2024

Sci. China Inf. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Data center links beyond 100 Gbit/s per wavelength

Cited by 40 publications

References 47 publications

Design of a silicon Mach–Zehnder modulator via deep learning and evolutionary algorithms

Design of a silicon Mach–Zehnder modulator via deep learning and evolutionary algorithms

Outage Probability Due to Crosstalk from Multiple Interfering Cores in PAM4 Inter-Datacenter Connections

Low-resolution Kramers-Kronig detection system with error-feedback noise shaping

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Data center links beyond 100 Gbit/s per wavelength

Cited by 40 publications

References 47 publications

Design of a silicon Mach–Zehnder modulator via deep learning and evolutionary algorithms

Design of a silicon Mach–Zehnder modulator via deep learning and evolutionary algorithms

Outage Probability Due to Crosstalk from Multiple Interfering Cores in PAM4 Inter-Datacenter Connections

Low-resolution Kramers-Kronig detection system with error-feedback noise shaping

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Data center links beyond 100 Gbit/s per wavelength