Data and insights to advance characterization of groundwater resources in the Plaine des Gonaïves, Haiti

Abstract

The Plaine des Gonaïves houses a regionally significant yet data-scarce coastal aquifer in one of the driest regions of Haiti. It is the primary source of water for the region, including Haiti’s third largest city, Gonaïves. Pressure on groundwater resources will be compounded as municipal water services modernize and energy infrastructure enables the resurgence of commercial agriculture. In anticipation of increased stress and greater impacts, this study was undertaken (including data discovery, reconnaissance, and analysis) to gain insights and to advance understanding of the groundwater resources. The alluvial aquifer covers >115 km2, exceeds 100 m thickness, and supports pumping yields as high as 532 m3/h. The heterogeneous multilayer aquifer exhibits hydraulic conductivities that range by an order of magnitude, influencing groundwater flow, residence times, and chemistry. Significant recharge occurs in the central and upgradient portions of the plain; river infiltration appears to be a more significant recharge source than direct infiltration. In the downgradient portion of the plain, confined aquifer pressure increases and discharge areas include the Quinte River, springs, wetlands, ditches and canals. Underlying the alluvium, discontinuous groundwater in bedrock with structural influence may mix with the alluvial aquifer, affecting isotopic composition and water chemistry. Increased abstraction, climate change, and intensification of agriculture and urban development could have consequential impacts on water quantity, water quality and ecosystems. The results, insights, and supporting datasets are a baseline to guide planning and to advance a hydrogeological conceptual model that supports sustainable and informed groundwater management.

Topical Collection: Advancements in hydrogeological knowledge of Haiti for recovery and development

“…He provides a snapshot of water quality data to assess karst aquifer contamination in several areas of the country and presents relevant water treatment technologies to enable safe drinking water in vulnerable areas. Adamson et al (2022a) apply a data synthesis effort, coupled with a reconnaissance mission, to advance a conceptual hydrogeological model for the Plaine de Gonaïves aquifer system. The results were supported by a volume of drilling records, historical datasets and recent stable isotope, hydrochemistry and flow data.…”

“…Many of Haiti's alluvial aquifers do not receive significant quantities of recharge from direct precipitation, in part because of their low elevations and high evapotranspiration (Adamson et al 2022b;Adamson et al 2022a;Arnaud et al 2022). Infiltration of rivers and inflow from mountain bedrock aquifers are interpreted as key sources of recharge for the Plaine du Nord, Plaine du Cul-de-Sac, Plaine de Leogane and Plaine de Gonaïves, and perhaps other alluvial aquifers in Haiti.…”