“…While networks and consor- tia are increasing, there are still serious issues that need to be addressed with regard to crossborder exchange of samples and data transfers. 59,60 In addition, informatics challenges in medical biobanking are immense. For instance, there are major challenges associated with the integration of various forms of data such as text (clinical information); numeric values (laboratory data, age); categorical (staging, grading, scoring); image (histology, röntgenology, magnetic resonance); array (genomic data); composite (DNA signatures, mutations, variants, transcription factor interactions); and/or hierarchic (pedigrees) 13,14,15 .…”