Data acquisition and laser scanning synchronism in SS-OCT — An experimental apparatus

Domingues, José Paulo; Silva, Susana F.; Loureiro,; Bernardes, Rui; Morgado, Miguel; Clemencio, F.M.C.

doi:10.1109/enbeng.2017.7889426

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The feedforward method is another common method that uses hardware resources to linearise the laser tuning rate [2,8,9]. The method uses the reference interferometer to actively or passively correct the variations in the tuning rate.…”

Section: B Measurement Error and Implementation Of K-clockmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Frequency Scanning Interferometry (FSI) also known as, Frequency Modulated Continuous-wave (FMCW) reflectometry, has found applications in various scientific and engineering fields [1]. FSI is primarily used in Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography (SS-OCT) for medical imaging applications [2,3], relying on the observation of optical interference phenomena. The scope of FSI applications has expanded to large science projects, such as alignment and deformation monitoring of the CERN ATLAS detector [4], and improving manufacturing efficiency and accuracy, such as large airplane wing assembly requiring 40 μm precision [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of an FPGA-Based High-Speed Data Acquisition System for Frequency Scanning Interferometry Long-Range Measurement

Sivanathan,

Roula,

et al. 2024

IEEE Open J. Instrum. Meas.

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Frequency Scanning Interferometry (FSI) has become a popular method for long-range, target based, distance measurements. However, the cost of developing such systems, particularly the electronic components required for high-speed data acquisition, remains a significant concern. In this paper, we present a cost-effective, FPGA-based real-time data acquisition system specifically designed for FSI, with a focus on long absolute distance measurements. Our design minimizes the use of third-party intellectual property (IP) and is fully compatible with the Xilinx FPGA 7 series families. The hardware employs a 160 MS/s, 16bit dual-channel ADC interfaced to the FPGA via a Low Voltage Differential Signal (LVDS). The proposed system incorporates an external sampling clock, referred to as the K-clock, which linearizes the laser's tuning rate, enabling optical measurements to be sampled at equal optical frequency intervals rather than equal time intervals. Additionally, we present the design of a highspeed, 160 MS/s ADC module for the front-end analogue signal interface and the LVDS connection to the chosen FPGA. We demonstrate that the digitized data samples can be efficiently transmitted to a PC application via a USB interface for further processing.

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Section: B Measurement Error and Implementation Of K-clockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of an FPGA-Based High-Speed Data Acquisition System for Frequency Scanning Interferometry Long-Range Measurement

Sivanathan,

Roula,

et al. 2024

IEEE Open J. Instrum. Meas.

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show abstract

“…The sampled output provides a highly linear optical frequency fiducial marker. 11 The extremely low propagation losses of the PLC platform allow for a wide range of k-clocks to be easily manufactured, from 10 GHz k-clocks typically used in OCT systems to 10 MHz k-clocks used in LiDAR. Figure 2…”

Section: High Performance Optical Building Blocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling advanced photonic architectures using state-of-the-art silica-on-silicon planar lightwave circuit platform

Bidnyk¹,

Yadav²,

Liu³

et al. 2023

Integrated Optics: Devices, Materials, and Technologies XXVII

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We present advanced photonic architectures based on a state-of-the-art silica-on-silicon planar lightwave circuit (PLC) platform. The industry-leading performance characteristics of the platform with respect to fiber coupling, propagation losses, and polarization control have led to its mass deployments in telecom and datacom applications. Recently, a broad range of architectures has emerged that take advantage of the unmatched phase control in silica-on-silicon PLCs for demanding applications. We review some exceptional capabilities of our PLC platform and discuss how ultra-low propagation loss of <0.009 dB/cm is achieved concurrently with polarization-insensitive operation with relatively high confinement that allows loss-free waveguide bends with a 1 mm radius of curvature. Combined with fiber-matched mode converters and temperature-stable operation (< 10 pm/°C), consistent performance is achieved across entire optical communication bands. End-to-end optimizations allow us to reach high performance in advanced optical building blocks such as cascaded lattice filters, polarization-beam splitters, arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs), and coherent systems. The robustness and versatility of the platform are demonstrated by a survey of mature designs that encompass multiple classes of applications. We discuss multi-channel (de-)multiplexer designs that address the challenging requirements of today’s datacom and telecom deployments, the realization of 10+ meter long delay lines and K-clocks, the utilization of the platform in optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems, and PLC-based solutions for automotive manufacturers of LiDAR systems. Finally, we discuss how our design, manufacturing, and testing processes are controlled with machine learning, allowing in-situ monitoring of wafer fabrication, real-time process adjustments, and wafer-level predictions of device performance across a wide range of performance metrics.

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“…This is critical as both OCT and LiDAR systems measure the signal in the momentum (k)-space, which is proportional to the optical frequency of the swept source. The sampled output provides a highly linear optical frequency fiducial marker and facilitates resampling of the signals to allow high-resolution, real-time and in-situ imaging of tissue microstructure in a non-invasive manner [9]. The extremely low propagation losses of the PLC platform allow for a wide range of k-clocks to be easily manufactured, from GHz k-clocks typically used in OCT systems to MHz k-clocks used in LiDAR.…”

Section: High Performance Optical Building Blocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements in waveguide architectures using high-performance silica-on-silicon platform - INVITED

Bidnyk,

Yadav,

Balakrishnan

2023

EPJ Web Conf.

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Novel applications in optical coherence tomography (OCT) and LiDAR systems have become possible due to performance characteristics of a state-of-the-art silica-on-silicon planar lightwave circuit (PLC) platform. We have achieved ultra-low propagation losses of <0.009 dB/cm with unmatched phase control in a polarization-insensitive way, enabling a range of real-time advanced vision and imaging applications utilizing k-clocks and analog frequency sampling architectures.

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Data acquisition and laser scanning synchronism in SS-OCT — An experimental apparatus

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Design of an FPGA-Based High-Speed Data Acquisition System for Frequency Scanning Interferometry Long-Range Measurement

Design of an FPGA-Based High-Speed Data Acquisition System for Frequency Scanning Interferometry Long-Range Measurement

Enabling advanced photonic architectures using state-of-the-art silica-on-silicon planar lightwave circuit platform

Advancements in waveguide architectures using high-performance silica-on-silicon platform - INVITED

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