Das Portfolio deutscher Biosphärenreservate im Lichte der Sustainable Development Goals

Abstract

Zusammenfassung: In diesem Beitrag wird die Repräsentativität der deutschen Biosphärenreservate diskutiert. Die Nachhaltigkeitsziele der Vereinten Nationen dienen dafür als theoriegeleiteter Analyserahmen. Deutschland erreicht derzeit einen Anteil von rund 16 Prozent der Landfläche, die unter striktem Naturschutz stehen. Es stellt sich somit kein Mengenproblem, vielmehr steht die Frage der Anzahl, räumlichen Verteilung und inhaltlichen Qualität von Schutzgebieten im Vordergrund -hier der Biosphärenreservate. In bisherigen Arbeiten wurde ausschließlich die naturräumliche Repräsentativität der Biosphärenreservate in Deutschland beleuchtet. Das ist für die Bedeutung dieser Gebiete, die dem Paradigma der nachhaltigen Entwicklung explizit verpflichtet sind, nicht ausreichend. Deshalb zielt der Beitrag darauf ab, raumstrukturelle und sozioökonomische Defizite im Netz der deutschen Biosphärenreservate aufzudecken. Dazu werden zu ausgewählten Nachhaltigkeitszielen aussagekräftige Parameter analysiert und in Form thematischer Karten präsentiert. Weiter wird untersucht, ob und inwieweit die existierenden Biosphärenreservate in der Lage sind, als Modellregionen für nachhaltige Entwicklung ihrer gewünschten Vorbildfunktion für den Rest der Welt nachzukommen.Abstract: This paper discusses the representativeness of the German Biosphere Reserves. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals will serve as the theoretical framework of this analysis. Germany currently accounts a share of 16 % of the terrestrial land area under strict nature protection. This means that there is no quantity problem. Rather, the question arises about the number, geographical distribution and quality of protected areas -in this example Biosphere Reserves. So far, scientific papers only focus on the natural landscape representativeness of Biosphere Reserves in Germany. This is not enough for this category of protected areas as it rests on the paradigm of sustainable development. This is why this paper is focusing on possible structural and socioeconomic shortcomings in the network of German Biosphere Reserves. Therefore, precise indicators will be analysed in form of thematical maps to address selected Sustainable Development Goals. Furthermore, the existing Biosphere Reserves will be analysed if and to what extent they are able to reach their intended exemplary function towards "the rest of the world" as models for sustainable development.

Between Global Expectations for Sustainability and Local Feasibility—A Comparative Analysis of Three Biosphere Reserves in Germany and France

“…7-29), UNESCO explicitly included the 2030 Agenda while also incorporating the SDGs as "policy imperatives" [27] (p. 32) in the specified Lima Action Plan of 2016 [16] (pp. [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. Thus, the global network of biosphere reserves should, "through the global dissemination of the models of sustainability developed" there [16] (p. 34), represent "effectively functioning models for sustainable development" [16] (p. 35) and be promoted as "sites that actively contribute to achieving the SDGs" [16] (p. 35).…”

“…The further development of biosphere reserves is, therefore, planned in close correspondence with the SDGs [34,35], of which they are to be the exemplary-and also mandatory (under threat of losing the UNESCO label)-fulfillment [36] (p. 58). Global requirements are reflected and further concretized here in national contexts.…”

“…In France, too, there is an emphasis on local solutions [39]; at the same time, acting in the "mille-feuille" of multiple responsibilities [38] (p. 121) can be challenging [40] (p. 91). While the duties of local authorities are to some extent laid down, in view of the The further development of biosphere reserves is, therefore, planned in close correspondence with the SDGs [34,35], of which they are to be the exemplary-and also mandatory (under threat of losing the UNESCO label)-fulfillment [36] (p. 58). Global requirements are reflected and further concretized here in national contexts.…”

“…In addition, there are regular discussions regarding the compatibility or incompatibility with wind turbines in the forest area. In view of other existing conflicts, a major federal highway runs through the Palatinate Forest, whose expansion for faster accessibility is the subject of controversy with reference to animal and noise protection (e.g., for the reintroduction of the lynx), among other things [36] (p. 67), [45] (p. 5), [46] (paragraph 1). disadvantageous for biodiversity.…”

Potential and challenges of the Serengeti-Ngorongoro Biosphere Reserve, Tanzania

“…The promotion of sustainable development and environmental conservation is therefore crucial (Botha 2020). The three-zone post-Seville BR approach is seen as an ideal solution (Job et al 2019), where each zone (core, buffer and transition) has a specific role in landscape-scale conservation. The buffer and transition zones are driven by local grassroots development based on the UN's sustainable development goals for 2030 (Carius & Job 2019).…”