Das Orientierungssystem der Vögel IV. Evolution

Wiltschko, Roswitha; Wiltschko, Wolfgang

doi:10.1007/bf01650985

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…[21][22][23][24][25][26] Circannual clocks help to predictably time a very diverse range of aspects of a bird's life cycle, including molt, 2,24 migratory fattening, 21,23,27 migratory direction and distance, 25,28-30 gonadal growth, 21,24 and changes in the bird's internal organ physiology. [31][32][33][34] (2) Finding the way over large distances: solved by evolution of sophisticated long-distance orientation systems, including long-distance compass orientation based on global cues such as the stars, the sun, and Earth's magnetic field [35][36][37][38][39][40] combined with endogenous information about migratory direction, 25,30,41,42 to which learned components are added with experience (e.g., detection of North based on celestial rotation 43 and identification of cues needed to relocate a bird's first breeding and wintering site 44 ). Nighttime compass orientation in particular may require special physiological and molecular adaptations.…”

Section: Exaptations and Adaptations To Long-distance Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There a “Migratory Syndrome” Common to All Migrant Birds?

Piersma

Pérez‐Tris

Mouritsen

et al. 2005

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

133

116

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: Bird migration has been assumed, mostly implicitly, to represent a distinct class of animal behavior, with deep and strong homologies in the various phenotypic expressions of migratory behavior between different taxa. Here the evidence for the existence of what could be called a “migratory syndrome,” a tightly integrated, old group of adaptive traits that enables birds to commit themselves to highly organized seasonal migrations, is assessed. A list of problems faced by migratory birds is listed first and the traits that migratory birds have evolved to deal with these problems are discussed. The usefulness of comparative approaches to investigate which traits are unique to migrants is then discussed. A provisional conclusion that, perhaps apart from a capacity for night‐time compass orientation, there is little evidence for deeply rooted coadapted trait complexes that could make up such a migratory syndrome, is suggested. Detailed analyses of the genetic and physiological architecture of potential adaptations to migration, combined with a comparative approach to further identify the phylogenetic levels at which different adaptive traits for migration have evolved, are recommended.

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Section: Exaptations and Adaptations To Long-distance Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There a “Migratory Syndrome” Common to All Migrant Birds?

Piersma

Pérez‐Tris

Mouritsen

et al. 2005

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

133

116

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Solange kein Vorschlag vorliegt, welche andere Rolle das sein könnte, gibt es keinen Grund, die Rolle zurückzuweisen, die sich von den Experimenten her aufdrängt. Anstatt weiterhin, wie am Anfang der 70er Jahre, auf fiktive Gradienten auszuweichen (Wiltschko & Wiltschko 1999), können wir heute, da wir jetzt einen Ansatzpunkt haben, nach materiell fassbaren Strukturen suchen, die als Basis für eine Navigation prinzipiell geeignet erscheinen. Auch die Überlegungen und Untersuchungen hierzu sind andernorts ausführlicher dargestellt (Wallraff 1989, 2000a, 2001, 2001, Wallraff & Andreae 2000).…”

Section: Die Atmosphäre Als Positionsindikator?unclassified

“…Er weiß auch, dass diese Hypothese, wie nicht anders zu erwarten, auf schwachen Füßen steht, da sie von einer Reihe unrealistischer Prämissen ausgeht (Schmidt‐Koenig 1985, 2001). Es erscheint somit angemessen, dass die behauptete olfaktorische Navigation in einem aktuellen Übersichtsartikel über das Heimfindevermögen der Vögel (Wiltschko & Wiltschko 1999) keinen Platz gefunden hat. Im Ergebnis erwecken die genannten Darstellungen den Eindruck, es habe auf diesem Gebiet seit Gustav Kramer (1959b)keinen nennenswerten Fortschritt gegeben.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Zur olfaktorischen Navigation der Vögel

Wallraff

2003

J Ornithol

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Summary Olfactory navigation by birds In contrast to earlier navigation hypotheses, based as they are on theoretical constructs deduced from our knowledge of the physical world, the notion of olfactory navigation is an unexpected outcome of empirical research. Referring to sceptical articles on the issue in this journal and elsewhere (e. g. Schmidt‐Koenig 1985, 1987, 2001, Wiltschko 1996), and in order to fill a gap in a recent review on avian navigation (Wiltschko & Wiltschko 1999), I describe the most instructive experiments providing evidence that birds are able to home by utilizing atmospheric trace gases perceived by the sense of smell. (1) When released in an unfamiliar distant area, homing pigeons with bisected olfactory nerves fly considerable distances, but fail to approach the home site (Fig. 1, 2, 3). Largely analogous treatments in control birds and experimentals make it extremely unlikely that the failures are due to non‐olfactory side‐effects. (2) Elimination of trace gases from the inhaled air by means of charcoal filters prior to release, combined with nasal anaesthesia upon release, prevents initial homeward orientation, whereas nasal anaesthesia alone (after smelling of natural release‐site air) does not (Fig. 5). (3) Pigeons exposed to natural air at one site and released, without access to natural air, at a quite different site, fly in a direction corresponding to homeward from the site of exposure, but not from the current actual position (Fig. 6). (4) Long‐term screening from winds in an aviary at home prevents subsequent homeward orientation from distant sites. Deflecting or reversing winds in a home aviary results in accordingly deflected or reversed orientation (Fig. 7). (5) From areas made familiar by previous flights homing is possible also on a non‐olfactory basis. This can be explained in terms of the utilisation of visual landscape features.  In as far as related experiments were conducted using reliable methods, the results are unequivocal. On the whole, they can be understood only provided that the birds are able to deduce their position relative to the home site from atmospheric trace gases, and that this ability requires previous opportunity to correlate current wind conditions with simultaneous olfactory conditions at the home site over a lengthy period of time. As an attempt to explain the underlying system, a working hypothesis is presented which postulates that (a) long‐range gradients exist in the ratios among several airborne trace substances and that (b) their directions can be derived, at the home site, from changes of ratios in dependence on wind direction. Atmospheric hydrocarbons investigated by means of gas chromatography in an area covering 400 km in diameter did in fact include such postulated ratio gradients (Fig. 8). Their directions were fairly stable even under varying conditions of weather and winds. Correlations among gradient directions and changes of ratios according to wind directions were also found, but the long‐term angular relationships have not yet ...

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“…Ππλεπψο φια ηα είδε πνπιηψλ, κπνξνχλ δπλεηηθά λα κεηαλαζηεχζνπλ θαη νη εηδηθέο πξνζαξκνγέο πνπ είλαη αλαγθαίεο γηα ηελ απνηειεζκαηηθφηεξε κεηαλάζηεπζε δελ απαηηνχλ δξαζηηθέο γελεηηθέο αιιαγέο (Terrill 1991, Wiltschko & Wiltschko 1999a, b, Helbig 2003, Leisler & Winkler 2003. Ξαξάιιεια θάζε είδνο ή πιεζπζκφο έρεη ηε δπλαηφηεηα λα κεηαηξαπεί απφ κεηαλαζηεπηηθφ ζε κε κεηαλαζηεπηηθφ ή αληίζηξνθα, ζε κηθξφ ρξνληθφ δηάζηεκα ρσξίο απηφ λα πξνυπνζέηεη ζπγθεθξηκέλεο κεηαιιαγέο (Lack 1968, Berthold et al 1990, Pulido et al 1996, Able & Belthoff 1998, Pulido & Berthold 2003.…”

Section: ξονινγνπunclassified

Οικολογία Ενδιάμεσων Μεταναστευτικών Σταθμών Πριν Και Μετά Τη Διάσχιση Μεγάλων Οικολογικών Φραγμάτων Στην Ανατολική Μεσόγειο

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Das Orientierungssystem der Vögel IV. Evolution

Cited by 8 publications

References 64 publications

Is There a “Migratory Syndrome” Common to All Migrant Birds?

Is There a “Migratory Syndrome” Common to All Migrant Birds?

Zur olfaktorischen Navigation der Vögel

Οικολογία Ενδιάμεσων Μεταναστευτικών Σταθμών Πριν Και Μετά Τη Διάσχιση Μεγάλων Οικολογικών Φραγμάτων Στην Ανατολική Μεσόγειο

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