Das magnetische Moment des Silberatoms

The demonstration of quantized spin splitting by Stern and Gerlach is one of the most important experiments in modern physics. Their discovery was the precursor of recent developments in spin-based technologies. Although electrical spin separation of charged particles is fundamental in spintronics, in non-uniform magnetic fields it has been difficult to separate the spin states of charged particles due to the Lorentz force, as well as to the insufficient and uncontrollable field gradients. Here we demonstrate electronic spin separation in a semiconductor nanostructure. To avoid the Lorentz force, which is inevitably induced when an external magnetic field is applied, we utilized the effective non-uniform magnetic field which originates from the Rashba spin–orbit interaction in an InGaAs-based heterostructure. Using a Stern–Gerlach-inspired mechanism, together with a quantum point contact, we obtained field gradients of 108 T m−1 resulting in a highly polarized spin current.

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“…2b,e). It should be noted that this is what distinguishes our experiment from the original Stern–Gerlach experiment12.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…In 1922, Stern and Gerlach12 demonstrated the quantization of spin angular momentum by showing the spatial separation of deflected, uncharged silver particles under an inhomogeneous magnetic field in the experiment named after them. Spin-up and spin-down angular momenta were accelerated in opposite directions due to the spatial modulation of the Zeeman field.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin–orbit induced electronic spin separation in semiconductor nanostructures

et al. 2012

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“…The paramagnetism notion refers to the behavior of a material substrate that does not possess spontaneous magnetization but, under an external magnetic field, acquires a magnetization parallel to this magnetic field. This phenomenon, explained by the quantum physics principles [13], results from the properties of the electron spin [14]. It is important to note that only the unpaired electrons might move from a low energy level to a higher (and vice versa) and enter into resonance.…”

Section: Paramagnetism and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (Epr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contribution of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance to Melanoma Research

Godechal

Gallez

2011

Journal of Skin Cancer

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The incidence of malignant melanoma, the most dangerous form of skin cancer, is rising each year. However, some aspects of the tumor initiation and development are still unclear, and the current method of diagnosis, based on the visual aspect of the tumor, shows limitations. For these reasons, developments of new techniques are ongoing to improve basic knowledge on the disease and diagnosis of tumors in individual patients. This paper shows how electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), a method able to detect free radicals trapped in melanin pigments, has recently brought its unique value to this specific field. The general principles of the method and the convenience of melanin as an endogenous substrate for EPR measurements are explained. Then, the way by which EPR has recently helped to assess the contribution of ultraviolet rays (UVA and UVB) to the initiation of melanoma is described. Finally, we describe the improvements of EPR spectrometry and imaging in the detection and mapping of melanin pigments inside ex vivo and in vivo melanomas. We discuss how these advances might improve the diagnosis of this skin cancer and point out the present capabilities and limitations of the method.

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“…Although revealed by classical, ‘macroscopical’ parameters like magnetic susceptibility (9), paramagnetism can be fully described only in terms of quantum physics (10) as resulting from properties of the electron spin (11). As the spins of the electrons paired on molecular or atom orbitals are compensated because of Pauli’s principle of exclusion (12), only unpaired electrons (i.e.…”

Section: Definitions and Principles Of Epr Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron paramagnetic resonance as a unique tool for skin and hair research

Płonka

2009

Experimental Dermatology

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Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and imaging (EPRI) are deeply rooted in the basic and quantum physics, but the spectrum of their applications in modern experimental and clinical dermatology and cosmetology is surprisingly wide. The main aim of this review was to show the physical foundation, technical limitations and versatility of this method in skin studies. Free radical and metal ion detection, EPR dosimetry, melanin study, spin trapping, spin labelling, oximetry and NO-metry, EPR imaging, new generation methods of EPR and EPR ⁄ NMR hybrid technology used under ex vivo and in vivo regime are portrayed in the context of clinical and experimental skin research to study problems such as oxidative and nitrosative stress generated by UV or inflammation, skin oxygenation, hydration of corneal layer of epidermis, transport and metabolism of drugs and cosmeceutics, skin carcinogenesis, skin tumors and many others. A part of the paper is devoted to hair and nail research. The review of dermatological applications of EPR is supplemented with a handful of advice concerning practical aspects of EPR experimentation and usage of EPR reagents.

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Das magnetische Moment des Silberatoms

Cited by 44 publications

References 5 publications

Spin–orbit induced electronic spin separation in semiconductor nanostructures

Spin–orbit induced electronic spin separation in semiconductor nanostructures

The Contribution of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance to Melanoma Research

Electron paramagnetic resonance as a unique tool for skin and hair research

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