Darwinians, Communitarians, and Missionaries: The Role of Founder Identity in Entrepreneurship

Fauchart, Emmanuelle; Gruber, Marc

doi:10.5465/amj.2009.0211

Cited by 668 publications

(888 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Social identity, in turn, affects intra-and interpersonal experiences as people perceive and evaluate themselves and others according to these social group memberships. Indeed, management scholars have studied numerous workplace phenomena from the perspective of social identity theory such as foundersÕ beliefs and entrepreneurial outcomes (Fauchart & Gruber, 2011), family responsibilities and career outcomes (Lobel & St. Clair, 1992) and organizational attractiveness (Turban & Greening, 1997). Perhaps the largest body of organizational research stemming from this perspective relates to demographic factors.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Socioecological Approach to Relational Demography: How Relative Representation and Respectful Coworkers Affect Job Attitudes

et al. 2016

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A Socioecological Approach 2 AbstractPurpose: This paper advances a socioecological perspective toward understanding the relationship between demography and job attitudes by considering the joint effects of individual ethnicity and ethnic group relative representation--the degree to which an individualÕs own demographic group is represented similarly in his or her organization and the community in which the organization is located.Design/methodology/approach: Hierarchical polynomial regression analyses of census and survey data from 57,000 employees of 142 hospitals in the United Kingdom suggest that ethnic group relative representation is related to ethnic minority employeesÕ job satisfaction and turnover intentions.Findings: An asymmetric pattern emerged wherein the effect of underrepresentation on turnover intentions was stronger than the effect of overrepresentation. Moreover, the effects of relative representation varied with respectful treatment by coworkers; relative representation had little effect on attitudes of employees who reported low levels of coworker respect but generally enhanced attitudes when respect was high. Evidence regarding the implications of ethnicity and diversity on employee attitudes is severely limited by its exclusive focus on dynamics within organizations. In this paper, we argue that efforts to understand diversity must consider not only the demography of organizations but also its alignment with the demography of the communities in which organizations operate. that employee attitudes are a function of the demographic characteristics of not only those in their immediate work environment, but also the degree to which these characteristics align with the demography of the community in which their organization is embedded, termed relative representation. More specifically, we anticipate that different evaluative judgments will emerge when an individual is an ethnic minority in their organization but not a minority in the community surrounding their organization as compared to a situation where the individualÕs ethnic group is similarly underrepresented in both contexts. We argue that ethnic group relative underrepresentation can reduce employeesÕ attitudes, particularly when people feel their coworkers treat them disrespectfully.Thus, this paper makes three primary contributions to extant scholarship. First, by pushing the boundaries of relational demography theory through the lens of socioecological psychology, we provide new ideas about the complex interplay between individual, organizational, and community demography. We provide the first evidence that ethnic minority employeesÕ attitudes are affected by the representation of their group inside the organization relative to their representation in the community in which the organization is embedded. The relative representation of oneÕs ethnic group offers an unexplored explanation for the equivocal findings of previous research that has not incorporated community demography. Second, in considering respectful interpersonal experie...

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Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Socioecological Approach to Relational Demography: How Relative Representation and Respectful Coworkers Affect Job Attitudes

et al. 2016

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“…Within the mainstream entrepreneurship domain, research on entrepreneurial identity considers that entrepreneurial activities impart meaning, and that they are thus an expression of an individual's identity or self-concept (Cardon et al, 2009;Fauchart & Gruber, 2011;Cardon et al, 2013). Social aspects of an individual's self-concept are central to entrepreneurship research, since new venture creation is an inherently social activity (Fauchart & Gruber, 2011).…”

Section: Entrepreneurial Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Social aspects of an individual's self-concept are central to entrepreneurship research, since new venture creation is an inherently social activity (Fauchart & Gruber, 2011). New ventures are intimately intertwined with the entrepreneur's identity (Shepherd & Haynie, 2009) and entrepreneurial identity is central to entrepreneurial passion (Cardon et al, 2013).…”

Section: Entrepreneurial Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrepreneurship in the Agricultural Sector: A Literature Review and Future Research Opportunities

Fitz-Koch

Nordqvist

Carter³

et al. 2017

Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice

181

134

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This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/61277/ Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the Strathprints administrator: strathprints@strath.ac.ukThe Strathprints institutional repository (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk) is a digital archive of University of Strathclyde research outputs. It has been developed to disseminate open access research outputs, expose data about those outputs, and enable the management and persistent access to Strathclyde's intellectual output. 1 ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND FUTURE RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES AbstractHeeding calls for contextualizing entrepreneurship research and for greater attention to the role of sector in entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extant research in agricultural entrepreneurship. Recent and rapid vertical integration and rationalization within the agricultural sector provides a dynamic setting for scholars to investigate entrepreneurship theory and practice. We identify three key contextual dimensions of the agricultural sector; identity, family, and institutions, which provide promising opportunities for future research and the potential to contribute to and extend current theoretical and empirical analyses of entrepreneurship research.

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“…Self-identity is "the extent to which performing [a] behavior is an important part of one's self concept" (Terry et al 1999: 226), and is shaped by both personal and social factors (Brewer 1991, Stryker and. A recent stream of research has demonstrated the importance of self-identity in decisions associated with both entrepreneurship and commercialization (Fauchart and Gruber 2011, Jain et al 2009, Powell and Baker 2014 and innovation communities (Bagozzi and Dholakia 2006).…”

Section: Self-identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…I use the launch of the Apple App Store and its effect on underground innovation communities (Mollick 2005) as a quasi-experiment to examine this issue. Drawing on the existing literature, I suggest that this decreased commercialization activity may be the result of one of two potential mechanisms: a general dis-utility of profit seeking among community members or else the self-identity of community members (Fauchart and Gruber 2011, Hogg et al 1995, Tajfel and Turner 1986. In a second study, I explore these potential mechanisms using data from an original longitudinal survey of open source developers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filthy Lucre? Innovative Communities, Identity, and Commercialization

Mollick

2016

Organization Science

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Online communities play an increasingly important role in developing innovation. However, relatively little is known about the ways in which community affiliation influences how innovations and products generated in these communities are commercialized. By examining open source software (OSS) as an example of an innovation community and using both a quasi experiment and a longitudinal survey, I seek to shed light on this issue. In the quasi experiment, using the launch of the Apple App Store, I find a decreased propensity toward commercialization among individuals associated with online community innovation. I then examine the mechanisms for this decreased commercialization with a novel longitudinal survey of OSS community members. Despite the history of OSS as an anticommercial community, I do not find that anticommercial attitudes play a role in commercialization decisions. Instead, differences in entrepreneurial self-identity have large significant effects on the propensity to commercialize. I conclude with a discussion of the implications of these findings for the literatures on both entrepreneurial identity and community innovation. Abstract:Online communities play an increasingly important role in developing new innovations. However, relatively little is known about the ways in which community affiliation may change the incentives to commercialize those new innovations. By examining Open Source Software (OSS) as an example of an innovation community, and using both a quasi-experiment and a longitudinal survey, I seek to shed light on this issue. In the quasi-experiment using the launch of the Apple App Store, I find a lower propensity towards commercialization among individuals associated with online community innovation. I then examine the mechanisms for this lower commercialization with a novel longitudinal survey of entrepreneurial activity among OSS community members. Despite the history of OSS as an anticommercial community, I do not find that anti-commercial attitudes play a role in commercialization decisions. Instead, differences in self-identity between community-based innovators and entrepreneurs have large significant effects on the propensity to commercialize innovations. I conclude with a discussion of the implications of these findings for both the literatures on entrepreneurial identity and community innovation.

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Darwinians, Communitarians, and Missionaries: The Role of Founder Identity in Entrepreneurship

Cited by 668 publications

References 48 publications

A Socioecological Approach to Relational Demography: How Relative Representation and Respectful Coworkers Affect Job Attitudes

A Socioecological Approach to Relational Demography: How Relative Representation and Respectful Coworkers Affect Job Attitudes

Entrepreneurship in the Agricultural Sector: A Literature Review and Future Research Opportunities

Filthy Lucre? Innovative Communities, Identity, and Commercialization

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