Dark production of carbon monoxide (CO) from dissolved organic matter in the St. Lawrence estuarine system: Implication for the global coastal and blue water CO budgets

Zhang, Yong; Xie, Huixiang; Fichot, Cédric G.; Chen, Guohua

doi:10.1029/2008jc004811

Cited by 28 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…There have been observations of a strong "dark production," which contributed a significant fraction of the diurnal CO source within the top 17 m of the ocean (5,50). The dark CO source correlated strongly with biological oxidation rates and organic carbon, suggesting that it is the result of incomplete respiration of biologically labile organic matter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO Dehydrogenase Genes Found in Metagenomic Fosmid Clones from the Deep Mediterranean Sea

Martín-Cuadrado

Ghai

Gonzaga

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The use of carbon monoxide (CO) as a biological energy source is widespread in microbes. In recent years, the role of CO oxidation in superficial ocean waters has been shown to be an important energy supplement for heterotrophs (carboxydovores). The key enzyme CO dehydrogenase was found in both isolates and metagenomes from the ocean's photic zone, where CO is continuously generated by organic matter photolysis. We have also found genes that code for both forms I (low affinity) and II (high affinity) in fosmids from a metagenomic library generated from a 3,000-m depth in the Mediterranean Sea. Analysis of other metagenomic databases indicates that similar genes are also found in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic North Pacific and on the surfaces of this and other oceanic locations (in lower proportions and similarities). The frequency with which this gene was found indicates that this energy-generating metabolism would be at least as important in the bathypelagic habitat as it is in the photic zone. Although there are no data about CO concentrations or origins deep in the ocean, it could have a geothermal origin or be associated with anaerobic metabolism of organic matter. The identities of the microbes that carry out these processes were not established, but they seem to be representatives of either Bacteroidetes or Chloroflexi.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO Dehydrogenase Genes Found in Metagenomic Fosmid Clones from the Deep Mediterranean Sea

Martín-Cuadrado

Ghai

Gonzaga

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The production depends on the UV-absorption coefficient of CDOM in the water column and the CO quantum yield, which are both wavelength dependent and relatively well parameterized (Kettle, 2005;Fichot and Miller, 2010). Additional sources of CO have been recently reported: dark production (Zhang et al, 2008) and photoproduction on particles . Biological production of CO has also been recently observed in laboratory experiments, but the production pathways remain unclear (Gros et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of carbon monoxide and non-methane hydrocarbons in the Arctic Ocean during summer 2010

et al. 2013

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Abstract. During the ARK XXV 1 + 2 expedition in the Arctic Ocean carried out in June–July 2010 aboard the R/V Polarstern, we measured carbon monoxide (CO), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) and phytoplankton pigments at the sea surface and down to a depth of 100 m. The CO and NMHC sea-surface concentrations were highly variable; CO, propene and isoprene levels ranged from 0.6 to 17.5 nmol L−1, 1 to 322 pmol L−1 and 1 to 541 pmol L−1, respectively. The CO and alkene concentrations as well as their sea–air fluxes were enhanced in polar waters off of Greenland, which were more stratified because of ice melting and richer in chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) than typical North Atlantic waters. The spatial distribution of the surface concentrations of CO was consistent with our current understanding of CO-induced UV photoproduction in the sea. The vertical distributions of the CO and alkenes were comparable and followed the trend of light penetration, with the concentrations displaying a relatively regular exponential decrease down to non-measurable values below 50 m. However, no diurnal variations of CO or alkene concentrations were observed in the stratified and irradiated surface layers. On several occasions, we observed the existence of subsurface CO maxima at the level of the deep chlorophyll maximum. This finding suggests the existence of a non-photochemical CO production pathway, most likely of phytoplanktonic origin. The corresponding production rates normalized to the chlorophyll content were in the range of those estimated from laboratory experiments. In general, the vertical distributions of isoprene followed that of the phytoplankton biomass. These data support the existence of a dominant photochemical source of CO and light alkenes enhanced in polar waters of the Arctic Ocean, with a minor contribution of a biological source of CO. The biological source of isoprene is observed in the different water masses but significantly increases in the warmer Atlantic waters.

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“…It is assumed that errors for measurements without replicate incubations would be similar to those reported here. Note that this method measured net loss rate constants, which should be close to the corresponding gross loss rate constants since abiotic dark production of CO, based on the results of Zhang et al (2008), was minor within CO turnover times obtained from this study. T-dependence and Michaelis-Menten kinetics studies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, variations of pH in the SLES are small (7.76 to 8.10, Lebel & Pelletier 1980, Zhang et al 2008) and nutrients should be relatively abundant in winter due to low primary production and strong vertical mixing. Consequently, salinity would be the dominant factor controlling microbial CO uptake as demonstrated by the strong inverse correlation of K co to S (Table 3).…”

Section: Temperature-dependence Of K Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial carbon monoxide uptake in the St. Lawrence estuarine system

Xie¹,

Zhang²,

Lemarchand³

et al. 2009

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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-1). This study demonstrated strong seasonal variations in microbial CO uptake and complex influences of various biotic and abiotic variables on this process.KEY WORDS: Carbon monoxide · Microbial uptake · Seasonal variation · Temperature dependence · Bacteria · Suspended particles · Estuarine waters · Gulf of St. Lawrence Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 389: [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] 2009 on relatively easily obtainable biotic and abiotic variables.Microbial CO uptake is expected to vary seasonally due to changes in such factors as bacterial cell abundance and species composition, water temperature (T) and supply of nutrients. Butler et al. (1987) have reported the only 4-season microbial CO uptake turnover times, which were obtained from Yaquina Bay, Oregon, but gave no details of the CO uptake seasonality and its possible links to other environmental variables. Moreover, the 14 C technique they employed may not adequately characterize the CO uptake kinetics when ambient CO concentration, [CO], is high or large amounts of 14 C-labelled CO are added (Tolli & Taylor 2005, Xie et al. 2005, 2009. Although temperature is a well-known key factor that controls bacterial activity in general (e.g. Shiah & Ducklow 1994), the extent of T-dependence of microbial CO uptake remains unclear. Recent findings reveal that ambient seawater CO concentration can also influence microbial CO uptake kinetics as a result of unexpectedly high enzymatic affinities for CO expressed by CO-oxidizing bacteria (Tolli & Taylor 2005, Xie et al. 2005, 2009). While CO uptake generally follows or can be approximated as first-order kinetics at low ambient [CO], mixed-order, saturation or even inhibition kinetics can occur at elevated [CO] (Zafiriou et al. 2003, Xie et al. 2005, 2009). The latter requires Michaelis-Menten kinetics to derive limiting rates, V max , and half-saturation substrate concentrations, K m , that more accurately characterize this process. Data in the literature on V max and K m of microbial CO uptake are scarce and cover only limited seasons and areas (salinity usually > 28) (Tolli & Taylor 2005, Xie et al. 2005, 2009. Evidently, more MichaelisMenten kinetics studies are needed to characterize CO consumption on larger salinity and seasonal scales. In a cross-system assessment encompassing warm, cold (Arctic), coastal and open ocean waters, Xie et al. (2005) have demonstrated that the first-order rate constant of microbial CO uptake (K co ) positively correlates with chlorophyll a concentration, [chl a], a proxy of primary productivity. This correlation is, however, based only on summer data in warm waters and autumn data in Arctic waters. The Arctic spring data acquired later failed to support this relation, thus invalidating [chl a] as an all-season indicator for K co in the Arctic (Xie et al. 2009).The present study goes beyond previous investigations to examine a high mid-latitude estuarine system: the Gulf of St. Lawrence and ...

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Dark production of carbon monoxide (CO) from dissolved organic matter in the St. Lawrence estuarine system: Implication for the global coastal and blue water CO budgets

Cited by 28 publications

References 38 publications

CO Dehydrogenase Genes Found in Metagenomic Fosmid Clones from the Deep Mediterranean Sea

CO Dehydrogenase Genes Found in Metagenomic Fosmid Clones from the Deep Mediterranean Sea

A survey of carbon monoxide and non-methane hydrocarbons in the Arctic Ocean during summer 2010

Microbial carbon monoxide uptake in the St. Lawrence estuarine system

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