Dark Matter Candidates with Dark Energy Interiors Determined by Energy Conditions

Abstract

We outline the basic properties of regular black holes, their remnants and self-gravitating solitons G-lumps with the de Sitter and phantom interiors, which can be considered as heavy dark matter (DM) candidates generically related to a dark energy (DE). They are specified by the condition T t t = T r r and described by regular solutions of the Kerr-Shild class. Solutions for spinning objects can be obtained from spherical solutions by the Newman-Janis algorithm. Basic feature of all spinning objects is the existence of the equatorial de Sitter vacuum disk in their deep interiors. Energy conditions distinguish two types of their interiors, preserving or violating the weak energy condition dependently on violation or satisfaction of the energy dominance condition for original spherical solutions. For the 2-nd type the weak energy condition is violated and the interior contains the phantom energy confined by an additional de Sitter vacuum surface. For spinning solitons G-lumps a phantom energy is not screened by horizons and influences their observational signatures, providing a source of information about the scale and properties of a phantom energy. Regular BH remnants and G-lumps can form graviatoms binding electrically charged particles. Their observational signature is the electromagnetic radiation with the frequencies depending on the energy scale of the interior de Sitter vacuum within the range available for observations. A nontrivial observational signature of all DM candidates with de Sitter interiors predicted by analysis of dynamical equations is the induced proton decay in an underground detector like IceCUBE, due to non-conservation of baryon and lepton numbers in their GUT scale false vacuum interiors.

The Higgs Mechanism and Spacetime Symmetry

“…Analysis of spherically symmeric Einstein equations has shown that regular solutions of the Kerr-Schild class, specified by ( 1) and described by the merics (2), have obligatory de Sitter centers [7,67]. Repulsive gravity of the de Sitter vacuum prevents the formation of a singularity in accordance with the early hypothesis of a geometry self-regulation [68], of the existence of the limiting value of spacetime curvature [69], of spacetime symmetry restoration on the GUT scale [20,70,71]-confirmed later in the frame of quadratic gravity [72]-of renormalization group improvement [73], of non-commutative geometry approach [74], and of an ultraviolet quantum gravity [75,76] (for a recent review, see [25,77]).…”

“…The mass of regular remnants with the de Sitter vacuum at the GUT scale is estimated as 10 2 -10 3 g [20]. Therefore, remnants, G-lumps and graviatoms are classified as heavy DM candidates with DE interiors (for a review, see [25]).…”

“…Regular black hole remnants and G-lumps can be considered as heavy Dark Matter (DM) candidates ( [25] and references therein), whose observational signatures depend essentially on the energy scale of the internal de Sitter vacuum.…”

Some global, analytical, and topological properties of regular black holes

“…There are also regular black hole models which have been considered as dark matter candidates (see Refs. [17,18] for very recent reviews on the subject), including extremal configurations [19]. In particular, regular black hole remnants, G-lumps and graviatoms can be considered heavy dark matter candidates with dark energy interiors [20] which can induce observational consequences, such as proton decay [21].…”

Some global, analytical and topological properties of regular black holes

“…Very recently, regular black holes with a Minkowski core have been recently reported [15], allowing thus to explore new possibilities such as the construction of thin-shell traversable wormholes [16]. There are also regular black hole models which have been considered as dark matter candidates (see [17,18] for very recent reviews on the subject), including extremal configurations [19]. In particular, regular black hole remnants, G-lumps and graviatoms can be considered heavy dark matter candidates with dark energy interiors [20] which can induce observational consequences, such as proton decay [21].…”