Dark‐leaved willow (Salix myrsinifolia) is resistant to three‐factor (elevated CO₂, temperature and UV‐B‐radiation) climate change

Abstract

Summary Elevated carbon dioxide (CO2), temperature (T) and ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) radiation may affect plant growth and secondary chemistry in different directions, but the effect of the combination of the three factors has seldom been tested. Here, we grew four dark‐leaved willow (Salix myrsinifolia) clones under combinations of ambient or elevated CO2, T and UV‐B radiation in top‐closed chambers for 7 wk. Elevated UV‐B had no effects on growth or phenolic compounds, and there were no significant interactions between UV‐B, CO2 and T. CO2 alone increased most growth parameters, but the magnitude of the effect varied among the clones. Total phenolics increased at elevated CO2, whereas they decreased at elevated T. The responses varied between the clones. The results imply that dark‐leaved willow are fairly resistant to the applied three‐factor climate change, probably because of high constitutive defense. However, the interactions between clone and climate change factors implies that some clones are more susceptible than the species as a whole.

Combination treatment of elevated UVB radiation, CO2 and temperature has little effect on silver birch (Betula pendula) growth and phytochemistry

“…The treatments (CO 2 , T and UVB) were designed to simulate the predicted climate scenario (Taalas et al , IPCC ). The growth conditions in the chambers were the same as those used in our earlier study with willows published in Paajanen et al (), where all the details of the experimental setup and climatic conditions in the chambers (exposure to CO 2 , T and UVB) are reported.…”

“…Even though atmospheric CO 2 concentration, temperature and UVB radiation will increase simultaneously (IPCC ), only a few studies have considered the combined effects of these three climate change factors on woody plants (Mark and Tevini , Koti et al , , Tegelberg et al , Paajanen et al ). In order to examine the combined effects of the supposed positively affecting environmental factors, elevated CO 2 and temperature, and negatively affecting UVB radiation on very young B. pendula seedlings, we conducted a study with seedlings of seed origin in closed‐top chambers.…”

“…5; see interpretation of GVA quadrats in Veteli et al (2007)]. For deciduous trees, significant decreases of low-molecular weight phenolics have frequently been reported as a result of elevation in T, but not always in the more complex (more carbon-containing) high-molecular weight tannins (Veteli et al 2007, Paajanen et al 2010. The observed reductions in carbon-based secondary chemicals may result from changes in carbon partitioning as a result of a higher increase in respiration rates in relation to photosynthetic rates and/or increased synthesis, transport and utilization of sucrose, which have been detected in tree seedlings under elevated levels of temperature (Farrar andWilliams 1991, Kellomäki andWang 1997).…”

Effects of CO2 concentration and UV-B radiation on date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) grown in open-top chambers

“…Atmospheric CO 2 production, temperature and UV-B radiation simultaneously increase and only a few studies have considered the combined effects of these three climate change influences on woody plant (Paajanen et al, 2010). It is one of the high research priorities as reflected in priority settings for agricultural research.…”

Impacts of climate change on plant diseases—opinions and trends

“…precipitation: Hawkes et al 2011); & with multiple climate change factors (Paajanen et al 2011); & in relation to endophytes and viruses, two key factors for plant health (Jones 2009;Brosi et al 2010); & in relation to mycorrhiza diversity and productivity (Deslippe et al 2010;Egli 2011); & with long-term datasets (Hannukkala et al 2007;Fitt et al 2011 & and considering various plant disease control methods (Ghini et al 2011a). …”