DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Opium, a Historical Perspective

Presley, Christopher C; Lindsley, Craig W.

doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00459

Cited by 48 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(192 reference statements)

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“…The application of different opioids is now considered an effective treatment for intractable daily headaches, for episodic treatments of acute headaches, or for tension headaches as well as for the treatment of rare, moderate, and violent headaches that do not respond to traditional treatments. 31,32 The analgesic effect of Cannabis sativa was well known in antiquity. Cannabis was prescribed to relieve the painful symptomatology of very persistent headache due to its action both in the central and peripheral nervous systems.…”

Section: Phytotherapy and Headachementioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition and Phytotherapy: A Winning Combination Against Headache

Ferrara

2019

Int J Med Rev

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Introduction Headache is a pathological form of endemic character that prevents the performance of normal activities, both working and relational. It is difficult to consider both the multiple causes and the various factors competing in this event, due to the lack of objective parameters that allow the clear classification of the various types of headache. 1 Migraine, the scientific term in which headache is indicated, is classified in many categories and sub-categories considering not only the quality, intensity, and cyclicity of pain, but also the way it manifests itself. A primary headache is generally distinguished from hormonal or environmental causes, including migraine, tension headache, and cluster headache; a secondary headache is the main symptom of other disorders, such as allergies, sinusitis, hypertension, osteoarthritis, digestive difficulties; pain that manifests itself following the excessive intake of some substances such as coffee, alcohol, and drugs; pain resulting from a lack of substances such as sugars, or in particular physical conditions, physical exertion, stress, or environmental, excessive cold or altitude. 2-4 The main manifestation is pain that can be localized to the occipital region or diffused to the whole skull, pulsating or strongly intensive, excruciating, monolateral with involvement of the ocular region and the occipital area. 5 Periodicity also represents a characteristic of the headache in addition to different durations of pain. Often, there are well-defined associated symptoms, such as lacrimation and irritation of the conjunctiva, nasal congestion, eye swelling, or pupil contraction, found especially in cluster headaches. The warning symptoms of pathological onset, like irritability, fatigue, and intolerance to noise, are characteristic of migraine that can degenerate even into blurred vision, alteration of sensitivity, and disorders of consciousness found in the most severe cases of migraine with aura. 6 The presence of attacks is variable depending on whether it is an episodic, chronic, or recurrent headache, and the duration may vary from half an hour to 1 hour, on two or three consecutive days. 7 Today there is no specific treatment for headaches, and sufferers often resort to empirical methods or self-medication. The agents available for the treatment of headaches are few and often have side effects such as sedation and nausea, which weaken, even if temporarily, so they cannot be used continuously. 8-10 Food-Headache Relationship The use of proper nutrition to prevent and alleviate the symptoms of headache is a practice the origins of which are very old. Hippocrates knew well the relationship between the ingestion of some substances and the onset of migraine for which many foods can be the main cause due to the

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Section: Phytotherapy and Headachementioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition and Phytotherapy: A Winning Combination Against Headache

Ferrara

2019

Int J Med Rev

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“…Opioids have been used for medicinal, recreational, and religious purposes for more than 5000 years. 1 In modern medicine, opioids are still the cornerstone of pain pharmacotherapy, eg, in the management of postoperative acute pain and chronic pain associated with cancer. 2,3,4 An increasing body of evidence shows an increase in the prescription rate for opioids in the treatment of chronic pain not associated with cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opioid Prescription Patterns and Risk Factors Associated With Opioid Use in the Netherlands

et al. 2019

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“…From the very beginning, humanity has looked for means to control pain using several vegetal preparations [9][10][11][12][13]. The use of morphine for pain control can be dated in Mesopotamia back to the sixth millennium before Christ [14,15]. In the Roman times, it was commonly used [16], and Galen described the use of a morphine-based ointment for the treatment of a variety of medical conditions, including chronic pain [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is probably the first description of transdermal morphine use and the first known antecedent of opioid transdermal patches. Apart from the treatment of pain, morphine was used for many other medical conditions due to its antitussive, antidiarrheal and hypnotic properties [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Where We Come From and Are We Aware of Where We Are Going To?

Vanaclocha¹,

Saiz-Sapena²,

Ortiz-Criado³

et al. 2021

Chronic Pain - Physiopathology and Treatment

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Chronic pain is a pathological condition that requests specific medical attention. Its treatment has been imperative since the origin of our species, taking advantage of herbs and natural remedies available in the primitive environment. Morphine has stood the test of time as has been continuously used for the past 8 millennia. The anatomical knowledge of the nociceptive sensation pathways led to the introduction of some surgical techniques directed to stop this pain transmission. Due to their aggressiveness and to the fact that they are irreversible, these techniques were soon replaced by neurostimulation procedures. Being reversible and allowing a change in stimulation parameters soon became the preferred treatment strategy. Over the years a small subset of patients continues to suffer from chronic pain refractory to the usual neurostimulation and pain-controlling medications. These patients can perhaps benefit from one of the surgical ablative procedures. Some of these techniques have been proven particularly effective throughout the years. For some limited income patients in underdeveloped countries, these techniques may be their only accessible option. Doctors have to keep in mind these surgical techniques to put them at the service of our patients in the very few cases in which they are needed. Letting these ablative techniques to die in oblivion would be a disservice to our patients.

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DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Opium, a Historical Perspective

Cited by 48 publications

References 104 publications

Nutrition and Phytotherapy: A Winning Combination Against Headache

Nutrition and Phytotherapy: A Winning Combination Against Headache

Opioid Prescription Patterns and Risk Factors Associated With Opioid Use in the Netherlands

Where We Come From and Are We Aware of Where We Are Going To?

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