Dark Chocolate Effect on Platelet Activity, C-Reactive Protein and Lipid Profile: A Pilot Study

Hamed, Miruais S; Gambert, Steven; Bliden, Kevin P.; Bailon, Oscar; Singla, Anand; Antonino, Mark J.; Hamed, Fatema; Tantry, Udaya S.; Gurbel, Paul A.

doi:10.1097/smj.0b013e31818859eb

Cited by 67 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The lipidlowering effects of cocoa have been studied in numerous studies, while evidences of cocoa's effects on the lipid profile appear to be limited and conflicting [21] . Our findings are in agreement with those reported by Hamed MS et al, who have shown that seven days of DC consumption rose serum levels of HDL by 9% in 28 healthy volunteers [27] . Mellor et al have observed that the daily consumption of 45 gr flavonoid-rich chocolate over 16 weeks significantly increases serum HDL in type-2 diabetic (T2DM) patients [28] .…”

Section: Statistical Analysessupporting

confidence: 83%

The Effects of Dark Chocolate Consumption on Lipid Profile, Fasting Blood Sugar, Liver Enzymes, Inflammation, and Antioxidant Status in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Pilot study

Alavinejad

Farsi²,

Rezazadeh³

et al. 2015

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research

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BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)is an important health problem worldwide and despite the rising prevalence, there is currently no satisfying therapeutic strategy. Dark chocolate (DC) is a food rich in phenolic antioxidants, which may exert favorable and modifying effects on lipid profile, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and metabolic effects. This study aims to investigate the possible effects of DC consumption on the lipid profile, fasting blood sugar (FBS), liver transaminases (ALT, and AST), inflammatory, and antioxidant status among NAFLD patients. METHODS: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 42 patients with NAFLD were randomly allocated to 2 groups: the treatment group (n=21) whom received 30 gr dark chocolate (83%) daily and the control group (n=21), for a 12 weeks period. RESULTS: During the intervention period, taking 30 gr DC (83%) daily resulted in a significant decrease in AST (P=0.012), body weight (P=0.027), and BMI (P=0.042) in the treatment group. In addition, patients who received DC had considerable changes in serum HDL (P=0.044). However, no significant changes occurred in serum levels of ALT, hs-CRP, anthropometric measures (WC, HC, and WHR), and grades of NAFLD in both groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: DC consumption can decrease the level of AST in patients with NAFLD and could be a potential therapeutic approach. We recommend more investigation about potential therapeutic effects of dark chocolate to be further clarified.

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Section: Statistical Analysessupporting

confidence: 83%

The Effects of Dark Chocolate Consumption on Lipid Profile, Fasting Blood Sugar, Liver Enzymes, Inflammation, and Antioxidant Status in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Pilot study

Alavinejad

Farsi²,

Rezazadeh³

et al. 2015

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research

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“…Five studies were not included because they did not report sufficient details on blood lipid measurements (Kris-Etherton and Polagruto et al, 2006;Wang-Polagruto et al, 2006;Taubert et al, 2007;Grassi et al, 2008). One study was excluded because of the lack of a control group (Hamed et al, 2008). Another was excluded because it was comparing a milk chocolate intervention with a high carbohydrate diet .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cocoa products/dark chocolate on serum lipids: a meta-analysis

2011

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Cocoa products, which are rich sources of flavonoids, have been shown to reduce blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular disease. Dark chocolate contains saturated fat and is a source of dietary calories; consequently, it is important to determine whether consumption of dark chocolate adversely affects the blood lipid profile. The objective was to examine the effects of dark chocolate/cocoa product consumption on the lipid profile using published trials. A detailed literature search was conducted via MEDLINE (from 1966 to May 2010), CENTRAL and ClinicalTrials.gov for randomized controlled clinical trials assessing the effects of flavanol-rich cocoa products or dark chocolate on lipid profile. The primary effect measure was the difference in means of the final measurements between the intervention and control groups. In all, 10 clinical trials consisting of 320 participants were included in the analysis. Treatment duration ranged from 2 to 12 weeks. Intervention with dark chocolate/cocoa products significantly reduced serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (TC) levels (differences in means (95% CI) were À5.90 mg/dl (À10.47, À1.32 mg/dl) and À6.23 mg/dl (À11.60, À0.85 mg/dl), respectively). No statistically significant effects were observed for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (difference in means (95% CI): À0.76 mg/dl (À3.02 to 1.51 mg/dl)) and triglyceride (TG) (À5.06 mg/dl (À13.45 to 3.32 mg/dl)). These data are consistent with beneficial effects of dark chocolate/ cocoa products on total and LDL cholesterol and no major effects on HDL and TG in short-term intervention trials.

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“…A series of studies have demonstrated the cocoa’s platelet inhibitory effects in healthy individuals and in heart transplant patients (79–81) who had consumed cocoa or dark chocolate. Taking into account that platelet activation greatly contributes to the inflammation and thrombosis in the progression of CVD, their inhibition by polyphenol-rich diets, even including consumption of cocoa and dark chocolate, is of clinical relevance.…”

Section: Effects Of Cocoa and Dark Chocolate On The Cardiovascular Symentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocoa and Dark Chocolate Polyphenols: From Biology to Clinical Applications

2017

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It is well known that cocoa and dark chocolate possess polyphenols as major constituents whose dietary consumption has been associated to beneficial effects. In fact, cocoa and dark chocolate polyphenols exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities switching on some important signaling pathways such as toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor κB/signal transducer and activator of transcription. In particular, cocoa polyphenols induce release of nitric oxide (NO) through activation of endothelial NO synthase which, in turn, accounts for vasodilation and cardioprotective effects. In the light of the above described properties, a number of clinical trials based on the consumption of cocoa and dark chocolate have been conducted in healthy subjects as well as in different categories of patients, such as those affected by cardiovascular, neurological, intestinal, and metabolic pathologies. Even if data are not always concordant, modifications of biomarkers of disease are frequently associated to improvement of clinical manifestations. Quite interestingly, following cocoa and dark chocolate ingestion, cocoa polyphenols also modulate intestinal microbiota, thus leading to the growth of bacteria that trigger a tolerogenic anti-inflammatory pathway in the host. Finally, many evidences encourage the consumption of cocoa and dark chocolate by aged people for the recovery of the neurovascular unit.

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Dark Chocolate Effect on Platelet Activity, C-Reactive Protein and Lipid Profile: A Pilot Study

Cited by 67 publications

References 28 publications

The Effects of Dark Chocolate Consumption on Lipid Profile, Fasting Blood Sugar, Liver Enzymes, Inflammation, and Antioxidant Status in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Pilot study

The Effects of Dark Chocolate Consumption on Lipid Profile, Fasting Blood Sugar, Liver Enzymes, Inflammation, and Antioxidant Status in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Pilot study

Effects of cocoa products/dark chocolate on serum lipids: a meta-analysis

Cocoa and Dark Chocolate Polyphenols: From Biology to Clinical Applications

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